Effects of Extramarital Affairs with Divorce on Middle...

I interviewed Ann (pseudonym), who is a middle-aged woman who is a mother of three and has always been a happy, loving, and positive human being. However when I knew that I was going to interview her, I instantly knew that I was going to focus on the topic of how extramarital affairs (emotional and or sexual relationship a spouse has outside of their relationship) and divorce affects middle aged women. I chose this topic as the effects it has on a woman can be life-changing and can result in them becoming an entirely different person, and in the case of Ann it couldn’t be any more apparent. It is important to acknowledge that a divorce and the effect that it has is one subject matter, but a divorce caused by extramarital affairs is an†¦show more content†¦However a large portion of people hypocritically engage in extramarital relations. Michael Wiederman (1997) published an article in the Journal of Sex Research that had the goal to find out the prevalence of extr amarital sex. The method of the research was face to face interviews, and then the participants were given a small questionnaire to privately complete. The sample was randomly chosen and the sample size was 884 men and 1,288 women. The results of the research were that men were more likely than women to engage in extramarital sexual relations. 22.7% of the men engaged in extramarital sex compared to only 11.6% of the women. When asked what the basis was for engaging in extramarital sex, men cite more sex and variety in sex as their reason more often while women cite emotional support more often (Lauer Lauer, 2009). Other reasons given were sexual frustration, being seduced, and for revenge (Lauer Lauer, 2009). In regards to whose characteristics and traits results in the extramarital affairs, there is a gender difference. Men usually engage in extramarital affairs as a result of their characteristics, while women usually engage in extramarital affairs as a result of their husbands characteristics (Elmslie Tebaldi 2008). Sex as an addiction has also be a recent development that isShow MoreRelatedWhy Is the Divorce Rate so Low in Japan?2056 Words   |  9 Pageshaving a low divorce rate compared to other countries. Indeed, between 1945 and 1990, the divorce rate of Japan has never been higher than 1.5 per 1000 population. Since the 1990s, the divorce rate of Japan increased, reaching 2.08 in 2005. even if we can consider this a low divorce rate in comparison with the U.S, compared with other industrialized country, it is an average rate. Then, why is Japans divorce rate considered so low? We will see first why I do not consider Japans divorce rate low,

Essay on Jazz Ken Burns - 1444 Words

Jazz by Ken Burns â€Å"JAZZ† is a documentary by Ken Burns released 2001 that focuses on the creation and development of jazz, America’s â€Å"greatest cultural achievement.† The first episodes entitled, â€Å"Gumbo, Beginnings to 1917† and â€Å"The Gift (1917-1924), explain the early growth of jazz as it originates in New Orleans and its expands to Chicago and New York during the Jazz Age. In assessing the first two episodes of Ken Burns 2001 documentary, JAZZ, this essay will explore the history of jazz, the musics racial implications, and its impact on society. In doing so, attention will also be given to the structure of the documentary, and the effectiveness of documentary film in retelling the past. In the first episode of†¦show more content†¦For this reason, their music incorporated a lot of dynamic improvisation and creativity, a characteristic that separates jazz from the other musical styles at the time of its birth. One of the two most important musical influences was Ragtime, a style of music of insistent syncopated â€Å"ragged† rhythm created by black piano players. Photos and video clips of people playing and dancing to ragtime are examples of Burns amazing use of art photography and photojournalism to make the story more vivid for the viewers. Ragtime was a style of music the youth enjoyed to listen and dance to while the older generation of white men considered it a product of anarchism. A quote by a Massachusetts attorney and politician of the nineteenth century, Edward Baxter Perry explains that â€Å" victims in [his] opinion can be treated successfully only like the dog with rabies, with a dose of led,† when talking about people who listened, and danced to ragtime. As segregation took over New Orleans, formerly freed creoles, whites who were of black descendants began to play together with the African Americans, combining their musical styles and creating an entirely new one that inco rporated which came to be known as jazz. Creoles were affluent in classical music and piano, which they incorporated into the making of jazz music. The second main musicalShow MoreRelatedBaseball By Ken Burns : Baseball Is The Constitution, Jazz Music, And Baseball1584 Words   |  7 Pagesin America, almost as long as America has been America. It has been with us through revolutions, civil wars, world wars, and depressions. To quote Gerald Early in Ken Burns’ documentary, Baseball, â€Å"There are only three things that America will be remembered for 2000 years from now when they study this civilization: The Constitution, Jazz music, and Baseball.† The memories shared through generations of baseball can be pictured by many, the pickup game of all the neighborhood boys in the vacant lotRead MoreThe History and Influence of Jazz in America Essay example852 Words   |  4 PagesJazz is consider one of the most influential types of music an America History. Some of the greatest artist in the world have contribute to the success jazz have had not only on America History but throughout the world. This paper will explain the history of jazz, where it all came from and the effect it has had on the America Culture. Meltingpot.fortuecity.com states the in the 1930’s and 1940’s jazz was at it all time highest. Although it is unclear when jazz first started some believe jazzRead MoreJazz Music1079 Words   |  5 PagesThe Beginning The word â€Å"jazz† did not become commonplace until around 1920 even though it had spent the preceding decade establishing itself as a musical genre. A mix of European harmony and African rhythm, blended with the current styles of the time such as ragtime and rhythm and blues, Jazz can be seen as an amalgamation of different cultures and has had huge influences on, and evolved concurrently with, American society in the past century. The birthplace of jazz is the subject of much more controversyRead MoreThe Jazz Age Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe era of the Roaring Twenties, was a time of great societal change. Many of these changes were greatly influenced by jazz music. During this time, the country was coming out of World War I and the attitude of most people was dark and dismal. Dance and music clubs became tremendously popular in an effort to improve the quality of life for many people. After experiencing the death and destruction caused by World War I, young men and women were ready for a change. They wanted to forget aboutRead MoreThe Development Of Jazz During The 20th Century Essay2084 Words   |  9 Pagesmy own work The Development of jazz in the early 20th Century In the late 19th Century, a new art from was emerging out of the combination of all that had gone before it on American soil... jazz. Many factors propelled jazz music into the 20th century, but none as significant as those concerning race; the segregation between blacks and whites, and the political actions taken by the American government. From 1900 to 1940, it seems, three main jazz music eras brought their own set of politicalRead MoreJazz Music: Bebop Essay1151 Words   |  5 PagesBebop is one of the most artistic styles of jazz music. Bebop gradually developed during the 1940’s. Bebop focused more on the freedom of creativity rather than rhythmic aspects. According to The Bop Era, it also gave soloists more room for â€Å"innovative improvisation† (Glass). Through the works of Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Thelonious Monk, and other players we will discover how Bebop became such a prominent style during this era. Bebop is a â€Å"genre of American music originated in New OrleansRead MoreJazz And The Past, Present, And Future1810 Words   |  8 Pages Jazz and the Past, Present, and Future One of the most profound paradoxes that Jazz as a musical genre has spurred by way of its mere existence is contained within the connotation of the word â€Å"Jazz† itself. Attempting to unravel the mysterious history of this familiar word is a sisyphusian task due in part to the contested nature of the word, yet as Alan P. Merriam and Fradley H. Garner postulate in their article Jazz – The Word from the journal Ethnomusicology: studying the problems associatedRead MoreJazz and World War Ii: Reciprocal Effects and Relationships Essay854 Words   |  4 PagesJazz and World War II: Reciprocal Effects and Relationships Both Jazz music and World War II had a significant impact on each other. Jazz music boosted the morale of soldiers fighting abroad and also lifted the spirits of their loved ones back at home. Many jazz musicians were soldiers, and several others traveled overseas or across the country to entertain U.S. troops. Among these performers were Bing Crosby, Artie Shaw, and Benny Carter. Jazz music was not only evident in American culture, butRead MoreBebop Research Papaer Essay2700 Words   |  11 PagesBebop music was the next evolutionary change of Jazz music that succeeded swing music. This paper’s aim is look at musicians who impacted this era, exploring more in depth Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker. In the early 1940’s, the swing bands began to all sound the same as well as work along predictable chord changes.1 The music was now not used for dancing. Some people believed that this would let the music go away from the elite social groups, and now be for everybody. Also just becauseRead MoreJazz Influences on the 20th Century1158 Words   |  5 PagesJazz Influence on the 20th Century Jazz is considered one of the most influential types of music in American history. Some of the greatest artists in the world have contributed to the success jazz has had not only on American history, but throughout the world. Jazz music has come to serve as the base of many music styles in the United States. This paper will explain the history of jazz, where it all came from, and the effect it has had on the American culture in the 20th century. To

Henrietta Lacks Free Essays

Henrietta Lacks Cells taken from a young African American woman in 1951 helped scientists cure polio. Cells from the same woman contributed to scientific advantages in cancer, gene mapping, and even the atom bomb. The mother of five did not life to know her cells had such importance. We will write a custom essay sample on Henrietta Lacks or any similar topic only for you Order Now She never knew, in fact, that they were being harvested. Today’s medical advances are based on practices that people now consider unethical, whereas back when Henrietta live, they did not even think twice about ethics. Henrietta Lacks did not know the cells taken from her could possibly be used to develop a multimillion-dollar medical industry. In an even crueler twist of fate, her descendants lived in poverty without access to affordable health care. The book The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot, tells the story of a women, Henrietta Lacks, and her family. Ms. Lacks was treated for cervical cancer at John’s Hopkins Hospital in 1951. Her malignant cervical cells were harvested and distributed to become the first â€Å"immortal† cell line widely used for scientific research, including their use in the development of the polio vaccine. The story tells what happened after Ms. Lacks’ death to her family, a poor African American family living in Maryland. A family who, today, would be considered poor. The story brings up key ethical issues of biomedical research, which were evolving during that era (Skloot, Rebecca). Henrietta Lacks died of an aggressive cervical cancer that invaded virtually her entire body in 1951. A common practice at the time, samples of cancer cells were taken for study. Some cells were taken by a researcher who was attempting to develop immortal cell lines for scientific purposes. In the 1950’s, the practice of taking routine tissue samples without consent from patients was not uncommon, and anonymising the source wasn’t a main concern. HeLa cells and the concerns that surrounded them touched on several issues in medicine. One was the issue of using tissue samples without consulting patients, many of whom would freely donate if asked. Changes in how such samples are taken and handled, and in the processes used to collect consent, have improved the use of informed consent in research. Patients submitting biopsies for diagnostic purposes, for example, might be asked if they are willing to donate cells to research (Smith, S. E. ). if a doctor wanted to diagnose, treat, experiment or keep body parts, that’s what he did. Patients never questioned doctors they were trusted implicitly. Consent was conferred by the simple step of showing up in a doctor’s office. Today, we know we need to understand and ask questions, and then our consent is necessary legally. Further, we understand the importance of withholding consent until we feel fully informed about the benefits and consequences of what that consent will mean. There were not conformed consent laws until recently. Informed consent is more than simply getting a patient to sign a written consent form. It is a process on communication between a patient and physician that results in the patients’ authorization or agreement to undergo a specific medical intervention (Informed Consent). Since everyone has different preferences, there will always be differences in the treatment of care among people. This becomes a problem when physicians have a bias against certain races and ethics. As a physician, all treatment options should be discussed and equally available to patients, regardless of their race or ethnicity which results in informed consent on the patients’ behalf. There was a lack of respect, or an inability to communicate, in both directions, between blacks and doctors back in the 1850’s. Skin color, and the problems that can result from low income, lack of education, and illiteracy; the inability to read, and/or understand the English language also contributed to the mistreatment of blacks. Patients overcome those challenges by finding a respectful doctor, or a supporter to help the,. Back when Henrietta lived, that was not easy to fins. Differences in healthcare outcomes can result from the history of different races too. Henrietta was treated with radiation, which left her body burned and blackened. She and her family asked themselves many times whether the treatment was really helping her – but they never considered asking the doctor to do something different, make a different recommendation, or even just to stop. Skloot, Rebecca) today, empowered patients know that they can insert themselves into all decision-making about their own medical care. They can and should discuss any and all protocols to make decisions as part of their own healthcare team. And, empowered patients know that if they want to, they can say, â€Å"No. † In conclusion, informed consent was not needed when Henrietta lived; therefore scientists took her cells without her knowing. A d octor did what HE wanted to do. But today, we now know that consent is legality. Any treatments should be discussed with the patient regardless of their race or their illness. Henrietta was mistreated, her body was burned, but her and her family did not want to question the doctor in fear or being looked down on. But today patients know that they have the right to know exactly what is being done to them, and can ask any questions they feel necessary. If it were not for the doctors and scientists that had taken Henrietta’s cells, we today, would not have the advancements in healthcare that we do. How to cite Henrietta Lacks, Essay examples Henrietta Lacks Free Essays The characters from the book, â€Å"The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks† become attached to objects that are meaningful to them. It is noticed that a certain object had a significant meaning by analyzing the scene and the character. Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Henrietta Lacks or any similar topic only for you Order Now Geys assistant, Mary described Henrietta Lacks red nail polish on her toes. She described Henrietta being an actual woman, something Mary never thought of. Henrietta’s relatives described Henrietta with her red nail polish. The red nail polish was a meaningful object to Henrietta because it completed her. Dr. Gey was attached to Hela cells once he made the incredible observation. He didn’t experiment for money, he genuinely did it for science. He sent the Hela cells for other scientists to experience the cells for themselves. He changed science for his genuine passion for it. Perhaps the most interesting character, Deborah Lacks, was attached to a few things. While Deborah was with Rebecca, she showed her the contents in her purse. She carried everything she had about her mother with her. There were videotapes, documentaries, articles, and a few birthday cards that Deborah bought for her mother, Henrietta. Deborah was attached to these items because that was all she knew about her mother. In a way, that was how she felt connected to Henrietta. A few days later when Rebecca was with Deborah, Rebecca noticed a folder on her pillow. They were Henrietta’s medical folders. Deborah wouldn’t let Rebecca touch her mothers medical folder. Unlike all the other items Deborah let Rebecca see, Henrietta’s medical folder was different. And it clearly had a different, more significant meaning than the other items. How to cite Henrietta Lacks, Essay examples Henrietta Lacks Free Essays The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Introduction The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks is written by Rebecca Skloot, who is an award winning science writer. The story is of a young black women, Henrietta Lacks, who was diagnosed with cancer in 1951, at the John Hopkins Hospital. Cells were taken from her body during her examinations, without her knowledge. We will write a custom essay sample on Henrietta Lacks or any similar topic only for you Order Now They were used to develop the first immortal cell line. Her cells became very important for the development of vaccines. Her family, however, has not received any benefit and still cannot even afford health insurance. They do not even know that the cells belong to Henrietta. This has raised many ethical questions on the research that has been done using Henrietta’s cells. Discussion Henrietta’s life had not been an easy one. Long before she got ill with cancer; her father abandoned her in childhood. She was married at a very early age. At the age of 14; she was a mother. She then moved to the Turner Station with her husband, who was not so faithful to her. At Turner Station, she and her family faced a life of segregation and poverty. Despite all the difficulties that she faced in her life, she still remained an enthusiastic person. She had a spirit that was not able to break. She was described by her friends as a person having a cheerful disposition. She was an also a person who was quick to laugh. She would also go out dancing with her cousin Sadie. The most important and strong side of Henrietta was her motherhood. Her cousin, Sadie also suspected that she delayed seeking medical attention, because she was afraid that it might affect her fertility and prevent her from having more children. She was extremely heart broken when she realized that the surgery has made her infertile. She was angry and sad at the fact that the doctors did not tell her beforehand that what the surgery would do to her. When her condition worsened, the doctors told her husband not to bring her children to visit her. This made her even more heart broken and devastated. She and her family, especially her children, led a very difficult life. Even after her death, her family and her children were not told about the cells of Henrietta being used in research. They were not given nay benefit, whatsoever, of the research on her cells and the huge mounts of money generated from it. The Lacks family is so poor even now that they cannot afford even life insurance. Henrietta’s daughter, Deborah, did not know anything at all about the importance and the use of her mother’s cells. She was devastated to learn about the cells of her mother. She was filled with many questions that nobody was able to answer. She was curious to know that if her mother’s cells were so important and have helped medical science so much. Why were her children not even able to afford health insurance for themselves? Henrietta was a very sociable person. She would have allowed the John Hopkins institute to carry out research on her cells. She was a person who was very close to her family. She would have wanted the John Hopkins Institute to take care of her family and children if they used her cells. She would never have wanted her family to be treated the way they were treated back then and even now. Conclusion Henrietta was a very strong woman. Her contribution to medical science has been exceptional. However, her family should also have been given benefits. How to cite Henrietta Lacks, Essay examples

Internationalizes and Explore New Geographies - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Firms Internationalizes and Explore New Geographies. Answer: Introduction This is the age of competition and customer is the king. With digital marketing and advent of e-commerce, companies are reaching to their customers across globe in no time. When consumers are going global and buying from foreign companies, it also made the firms think that why should they focus on local consumers only and why cant they expand their customer base. All the organizations have ambitious targets continuously and often explores the unchartered territories to fulfill the targets because the growth becomes constant after few years .Also, dependency, be it on anything, is a risk and companies wants to diversify in terms of consumers, suppliers, talent and so on to mitigate their risk which is one of the reason that has given birth to Globalization (Cavusgil, Knight, Riesenberger, Rammal, Rose, 2014). This paper will discuss about the factors that motivated the organization to expand beyond national boundaries. It starts with analyzing the most basic factors and then go on to wards more complex and underlying reasons. Curbing local competitors by taking First mover advantage Introduction of a product in a market where there are no competitors as of now refers to the first mover advantage. Since first mover organizations provides one of its kind products and services to the people, it quickly gains traction from the people and gains the complete market share because there is no competitors. Marketing cost is also less in such countries where no competition exists. Being an early mover will help the organization even when competitors starts entering into the market as consumers will find it difficult to switch between products and also the people will think the first company is the most original and authentic and newer companies are just imitating the model to take advantage of greater market share. Not only this, being a first mover and quickly capture the market will also demotivate the local entrepreneurs to venture into the same field because Global companies are generally cash rich and it is difficult to compete with them unless your offerings are rea lly innovative and provides more value (Sasi, Sperling, Arenius, 2015). Take example of IKEA, IKEA has entered into so many countries and by taking advantage of economies of scale, its super-efficient supply chain, streamlined business processes, it is providing low cost furniture to the people. Local competitors will find it difficult to make furniture at that cost. And thus IKEA remained the leader and curb the local competition. Not only this, There are companies like Airbnb present in US and similar model was copied in Europe by Wimdu before Airbnb enters into European markets. If Airbnb has entered into the European markets in the beginning, it could be possible that Wimdu would have never happened (Cavusgil, Knight, 2015). Risk diversification This is the age of the globalization and collaboration. When companies are seeing that foreign firms are entering into their home markets and threating their existing market share, they are simply questioning status quo an analyzing their prospects of going to foreign countries in search of new markets and customers and reduce their risk by depending on a single market. For instance, there are many economies which are going through the different phases like economic slump, growth, saturated and thus it is a huge risk for an organization to depend on a particular economy (Kim, Mahoney, Tan, 2015). Diversification is the most effective technique for mitigating risk and firms choose to go to international market for diversifying their customer base and mitigating their risk of depending on a limited market. For example, there are numerous US and UK companies that are facing pressures due to slowdown in growth and thus exploring Asian markets which are in developing stage and has tremen dous potential for growth. For example, Hamleys which is a UK based toy retailer chain when sees slowdown in existing markets began to expand to India because incomes are rising in India and with better job opportunities, there is a huge demand prospects for Hamelys product in India (Sunny, Sund, 2014). Operating in multiple markets also helps the organization to better respond to the slowdown in some particular markets because growth markets can offset the slow growth and help the organization to sustain itself in the economies which are facing slowdown or recession. Thus, diversified markets for selling your products is one aspect of risk diversification. Other aspect is having multiple suppliers at different Geographies to mitigate the risk of supply chain disruption. In past, there are several incidences of how the single supplier dependence wreck a havoc for some of the manufacturing companies because their suppliers faced some natural disasters, legal issues and capacity issues and unable to provide the material. Thus, it is always a good practice to have suppliers at multiple locations so that natural disaster at 1 place cannot effect the whole supply chain. Having more suppliers will also increase the bargaining power of the manufacturing company over the suppliers and this is a reason why the firms looking to go global (Hadjikhani, Hadjikhani, thilenius, 2013). Saturation of domestic market/potential of newer markets and competitive pressures In this age of aggressive targets and massive competition, companies always have a target for growth and when the local markets becomes mature, companies have no other option but to explore the unchartered territories to sustain and achieve the targets. In a local market, company can grow for few years but over a period of time, its growth will become constant and company has to look beyond national boundaries. Also, if the newer countries have huge potential for the products, then it is definitely a good opportunity for the company. Companies can also think of going global as first mover or after their local competitors who have already moved to international market. Both the approaches have their own pros and cons (Bianchi, 2014). For instance, first mover advantage will help to penetrate deep into the market and acquire maximum markets but it also carry a risk that if product is not successful, there will be a huge loss. On the other hand, if you move after your competitors, then in such cases, risk will be very less as organization can quickly judge how the consumers are responding to products of their competitors and what is the growth potential. Not only this, first movers often faces huge cost structures initially in order to understand the market, add some localizations before they gain the trust of the customers. Not being a first mover will help the company to enter into the markets without making investments to test the waters as this had already been done by the competitors. Also, sometimes competitors who have already entered into the foreign markets and tasted success in such markets will also bring back the additional earnings and profits back into their country and increase their marketing, campaigning budget and become more aggressive. During such times, reinventing itself , Mergers and Acquisitions or copying competitors by going global are the only few options for the organizations and companies often look for expanding into foreign markets. Consider another similar dimension where some foreign company enters into new country and pose threat to local players. In such cases, local players also explore the home market of the foreign players so that the foreign company can divert its attention in terms of money and effort in its domestic market and not just fully focuses on foreign market. Thus, this is also another important reason why the companies are looking to expand into foreign geographies (Boehe, 2016). Geographic/Strategic advantage Geographical advantage is one of the most important reason of moving to global markets. Some countries especially Developed ones generally have higher cost structures, more strict and regulated labor laws which makes the cost of production quite high in such countries. With increased competition, there is hit on margins and thus organizations pursuit the path of cost cutting to sustain them and moving to foreign and cheap locations is a byproduct of cost cutting. For instance, there are numerous companies like Apple, Dell, Ford, Hitachi that have moved their manufacturing units to China and India so as to take advantage of cheap labor in these countries (Buckley, Munjal, Enderwick, Forsans, 2016). Apart from cheap labor, access to new pool of talent is another reason. For instance, Google, Microsoft and Amazon has moved their development centers partially to India so as to take advantage of huge talent. India is known to have expertise in software development and technology and thus big organizations are moving to newer markets so as to leverage talent in such countries to boost their own capabilities and providing more value to their customers. Some organizations tends to shift their location near their suppliers so as to involve supplier in design discussions as well as to reduce the lead time of the products and reduce inventory. Thus, organizations also explore to newer markets near their supplier base. Also, There have been many cases in the past where the organization is dependent upon a single supplier for their supply and if some calamity happens or supplier unable to supply the material, this can be a disastrous for the company. Thus, organizations tend to globalize themselves to search for the local suppliers also. Also, some organizations force their suppliers to shift to their country. Even some firms have mandate that they will purchase only from those suppliers which are present in their country and which forces supplies to globalize their operations. This way suppliers are forced to develop the competencies globally so as to serve the global manufacturing location of its customers. Also, take another example, a multinational company will look for awarding the contract for its marketing activities to an advertising agency that have global presence so that company approach looks uniform and focused irrespective of the market and focus is not lost. Conclusion This case study discussed about why globalization has become indispensable for the organizations. This age of competition has forced the customer to tap unchartered territories and explore newer markets to sustain their growth. Along with it, there are some few most common reasons which sows the seeds of globalizations in the management of the company and same have been discussed in this paper. References Bianchi, C. (2014). Internationalisation of emerging market firms: an exploratory study of Chilean companies. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 9(1), 54-78. Boehe, D. M. (2016). The internationalization of service firms from emerging economies: An internalization perspective. Long Range Planning, 49(5), 559-569. Buckley, P. J., Munjal, S., Enderwick, P., Forsans, N. (2016). Do foreign resources assist or impede internationalisation? Evidence from internationalisation of Indian multinational enterprises. International Business Review, 25(1), 130-140. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G. (2015). The born global firm: An entrepreneurial and capabilities perspective on early and rapid internationalization. Journal of International Business Studies, 46(1), 3-16. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014). International business. Pearson Australia. Hadjikhani, A., Hadjikhani, A. I., Thilenius, P. (2013). Internationalisation process in turbulent and stable markets: Do firms know that they do not know?. Journal for Global Business Advancement, 6(3), 182-201. Kim, M., Mahoney, J. T., Tan, D. (2015). Re-conceptualising exploitative and explorative FDI: a balancing-process approach to firm internationalisation. European Journal of International Management, 9(5), 537-565. Sasi, V., Sperling, G., Arenius, P. (2015, January). RAPID INTERNATIONALIZATION of BORN GLOBAL FIRMS-do LOCAL NETWORKS have an IMPACT. In ICSB World Conference Proceedings (p. 1). International Council for Small business (ICSB). Sunny, K. P., Sund, R. (2014). Productivity Competitiveness of Indian Toy Industry: Prospects Challenges. Productivity, 55(1), 120.

Difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics

Introduction Economics is a process of making decision using scientific tools of research and analysis. This paper is a presentation of distinction between microeconomic and macroeconomics. These terms are critical in economics since they offer insight into economic discipline. Examples of each Distinctive difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics will be discussed in depth. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It will be fair to illustrate microeconomic decisions and factors that contributed to such a decision. Furthermore, macroeconomic event with its impact will be specified in the deliberation. Difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics Microeconomics Microeconomics can be defined as economics that examines how persons allocate the minimum resource among the households and firms (Bade, 2001). The decisions m ade in the market regarding the purchase of specific goods and services affects directly or indirectly supply and demand chain. Such decisions also have an influence on the prices of products and ultimately the demand and supply. We can note therefore that microeconomics deals with the aspects of prices and its efficiency in a market environment where decisions are made. Microeconomics revolves round production, consumption, and sale of goods and services (Colander, 2008). Some economic policies like change of taxes affect microeconomics of a country. If more tax is charged on market goods, then demand decreases. It is also in microeconomics that a market failure like monopoly is speculated. Macroeconomics Macroeconomics emphasizes on the bigger picture of the economy thus acquitting on how things in the world in terms of the structure, performance, behavior and decision making process of the whole economy. Macroeconomics examines aggregates in the system such as gross domestic pr oduct, unemployment rates and price levels so as to gain insight into the working of an economy. Economist who have studied macroeconomics have developed models to explain the working relationship between national income, output, consumption, savings, investments, balance of payment and international finance (Blanchard, 2000). While recognizing that microeconomics is a wide area of study, some of its special characteristic can be highlighted as: effort to understand the causes and effects of short run changes in national income and an effort to synthesize determinants of economic growth in the long run period of time. Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More National governments use macroeconomic models to develop economic policy and strategies for the business (Blanchard, 2000). In trying to avoid depression in an economy, policies are formulated to assist in stabilizing the gover nment. Fiscal policies and monetary are instrument commonly used as a strategy to maintaining stability and continue with economic development and growth. Example of each observable fact An example of microeconomic dimension is the pricing strategy which affects demand and ultimately supply of a product to the market (Colander, 2008). If the price of a product is increased through taxes, quantity demanded would reduce while quantity supplied would increase. The reason for this observation is that supplies are motivated by high prices to produce more while consumers shy away fro buying expensive commodities. This will distort the point of equilibrium in the market. It is the role of microeconomics to study the different aspects of the market and establish the relevant prices. On the other hand, macroeconomics specifies facet of national income, output, consumption, savings, investments, balance of payment and international finance. Microeconomic decision and factors that contributed to such decision A real life microeconomic decision is a reduction in the purchase of fuel following a rise in the price of crude oil in the world market. The skyrocketing price reduced the power of the buyer. A decision to reduce on purchase of fuel was also necessitated by inflation rates affecting consumer goods. There is a reason to meet basic wants along the Maslow hierarchy of needs. This factor contributed to a decision to cut down on demand for fuel. Illustration of specific macroeconomic event and its impact Fiscal policy involves increasing government expenditure and collections of revenue so as to jump start an economy (Snowdon Vane, 2005). Expansionary fiscal policy has been employed by President Obama to deal with financial crisis. The government has to spend more on health, employment creation, tax incentive, and provision of security. The net effect is a deficit financing. If a change in tax and government expenditure is done, its effect will be on such variables a s aggregate demand, pattern of resource allocation and distribution of incomes (Snowdon Vane, 2005). A more progressive tax bridges the gab between the haves and have not thus necessary in balancing income distribution in an economy. Conclusion There exist a distinct difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics both in its definition and functioning. Microeconomics examines scarce resource between competing wants in a household or a firm. A microeconomic decision regarding purchase of goods affects directly and indirectly the demand and supply. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such decisions also have an influence on the prices of products on the other hand, macroeconomics deals with the economy as a whole while highlighting on policy instruments, national income, output, consumption, savings, investments, balance of p ayment and international finance. These are the features of an outward looking economy. The discussion also focused on illustration of both macroeconomics and microeconomic decisions. References Bade, R., Parkin, M. (2001). Foundations of Microeconomics. London: Addison Wesley. Blanchard, O. (2000). Macroeconomics. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Colander, D. (2008). Microeconomics. California: McGraw-Hill. Snowdon, B., Vane, H. (2005). Modern Macroeconomics: Its Origins, Development And Current State. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. This essay on Difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics was written and submitted by user Santiago Rasmussen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Political Terms Dominate New Dictionary Entries

Political Terms Dominate New Dictionary Entries Political Terms Dominate New Dictionary Entries Political Terms Dominate New Dictionary Entries By Mark Nichol Dictionary.com’s newest set of entries to its lexicon, and some revised definitions for existing terms, reflect the politically themed discourse that has dominated the media over the past year. This post shares and defines some of those terms. Alt-right, discussed in this DailyWritingTips.com post, is not new to Dictionary.com, but its definition has been extended to clarify that the central tenets of those who espouse extreme right wing ideology are white nationalism and anti-Semitism. Similarly, though far is of course not a new listing, its definition now alludes to the sense of extreme political views when it appears in combination with left and right. Meanwhile, the existing entry for alt refers to the abbreviation’s usage in alt-right, and the one for â€Å"white nationalism† makes a distinction, based on geopolitical focus, between that phrase and â€Å"white supremacy.† The phrase â€Å"fake news† has its own new entry, describing the term as pertaining to sensationalized false journalistic content that serves to boost ad revenue and/or discredit an entity that is the subject of the content. An entry surprising for its late appearance is â€Å"false flag,† which has long referred to the use by marine vessels of a flag of a country the ship doesn’t represent in order to deceive personnel on an enemy vessel. By extension, the term now alludes to events in which a country attacks its own territory or assets and blames the attack on a belligerent nation (or an entity such as a terrorist organization), or to similar operations carried out in civilian contexts, as when a group or individual frames another for a violent act the first group or individual secretly committed in order to discredit the other party. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?Ten Yiddish Expressions You Should Know10 Tips for Clean, Clear Writing

Criminal justice issues Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal justice issues - Annotated Bibliography Example Criminologists believe that this is a strong predictor of criminal outcomes in youth. Early educational experiences, the negative labeling influence by teachers and peers in school, has been sited as having direct connections to later criminal behavior. Some studies have identified a peer effect on delinquency, where the peer group influences individual participation in delinquent behavior, which influences the later onset of delinquency. While doing poorly in school may present other factors, certainly the reaction from teachers and peers and the discouragement or encouragement by those in power has a direct impact on the way the student comprehends him or herself. This has been found to have not only current societal but far reaching life consequences as well. On the other hand, positive labeling at an early age and continued positive support by peers and caregivers and other authority figures has an enormous influence in the further prevention of violence and other criminally associated behavior. . Succinctly put, labeling theory looks at differing labeling sources and specific relationships over time and makes an attempt to predict the onset of deviant behavior in juveniles. Juveniles are routinely bombarded with different prompts and signals as to how they are being perceived by others. Through the act of role taking and other defining situations Adams, Robertson, Gray-Ray & Ray believe that juveniles are able to â€Å"accurately interpret the meanings of symbols and gestures used to project labels upon them† (2003, p. 172). This allows a projection of self into the role of an authority figure or significant other and allows the youth to make a self-appraisal or assessment through the eyes of another. The all too common response, â€Å"I wonder what they are thinking about me,† is a familiar refrain to us all. In some sense the self then becomes an object

Position Statement (outline) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Position Statement (outline) - Essay Example A single expense such as house rent is capable of taking up almost half of one’s salary. Businesses can also abuse the work-market since minimum wages ensure that businesses give their employees a reasonable sum of money to pay the bills, whether one is skilled or unskilled. Minimum wage, finally, forces businesses to share their vast wealth with the producers of the wealth. Some executives take millions home in bonuses even when a company posts a loss. Therefore, it is not much to ask that they give the employee at least a guaranteed set pay. a) Economics’ most fundamental principle is demand and supply and, in the case of labor, supply of workers normally goes up with the appreciation of wages, with the demand for workers going down with an appreciation in wages. An employer backed, into a corner, to pay a certain amount of money to a janitor by the government might decide not to employ a janitor, instead making the other employees pick up the janitor’s duties. b) Setting a mandatory wage limit causes a disruption of the demand and supply market forces (Neumark & William 13). As the minimum wages rise, the number of people in employment drops and vice versa. It is fundamental to remember that minimum wages will only apply if an individual is employed. c) Many businesses such as automakers have mundane tasks that can be performed by machines. Forcing them to institute a minimum wage structure will lead to increased mechanization. Spending up-front money for this mechanization seems a fair price to pay compared to paying set wages that exclude the rules supply and demand. a) Outsourcing of jobs eventually leads to a reduction in the number of jobs accessible to the citizens. An increase in labor costs, say in the United States, will lead to the creation of an added incentive to hire labor from Canada and Mexico. b) Companies facing rising labor costs, further, experience more

Could the US Government have prevented the Rwanda Genocide Research Paper

Could the US Government have prevented the Rwanda Genocide - Research Paper Example While an initial misunderstanding of the situation contributed to a sluggish response, warning signs of an impending catastrophe were evident prior to April 1994. As early as 1992 there was evidence that genocide was in the planning stages, negating Western claims that the genocide was not predictable. From November 1993 to January 1994 there were more signs and signals that something terrible was about to transpire. In December 1993, Romeo Dallaire received information from various sources that something was about to occur, including: a letter from high-ranking Rwandan military officials warning of planned massacres; a press release from a bishop stating that guns were being disseminated to civilians; intelligence reports recording secret meetings detailing plans for coordinating attacks on Tutsis, opponents of Hutu power, and UN peacekeepers. Additionally, the killing of Tutsis was being encouraged while anti-Tutsi sentiment was being disseminated in newspapers and over the airwave s (Carlsson et al., 10-12). Perhaps the most famous warning of genocide came from Dallaire himself, who sent a cable to UN headquarters in New York on January 11, 1994. However, the contents of the so-called genocide fax fell on deaf ears. Despite these warnings, countries still feigned indifference when the genocide began. Regardless, international community and particularly the US were relatively well  ­informed of the conditions in-country prior to the outbreak of genocide (Burkhalter ‘The 1994 Rwandan Genocide’ 45) During the genocide the US impeded actions within the UN that would have facilitated an international response, namely by "raising one objection after another to various Security Council proposals to upgrade UNAMIR" (Burkhalter ‘A Preventable Horror’ 20). Okbazghi Yohannes, an international relations scholar, notes that, "The Clinton

Cultural Differences Biggest Challenge For MNCS

Cultural Differences Biggest Challenge For MNCS With the changes in the global economic reforms and advent of globalization, international business has become the greatest priority for every business to become the Multinational Company to take the competitive advantage of whole global market. But with these benefits, the companies have to face the major challenges and complexities too to manage the business in other countries. The major challenges comprises of the environmental factors and out of which cultural differences is also the major issue that the MNCs faces within the host country. The issue of cultural diversity within the international business is the current scenario is constantly rising up with the growing factor of globalization (The Problem of Cultural Diversity in International Business, 2008). Managing the differences in the languages, traditions, cultures and religions within the host country is very difficult and complex job as compared to the home country for the MNC. The cultural diversity among the human resources and the customers not only relates to the social setup but also have impact on the psychology and the personality of the stakeholders. Setting up an organizational culture which makes the pace with the country culture is quite difficult for any MNC as business culture is quite different from the social culture of the host country (The Problem of Cultural Diversity in International Business, 2008). The UAE is considered as the country of great cultural heritage which is strongly influenced by the originality of its people. Though the UAE is considered as the greatest business hub for the international trade but at the same time, it is quite difficult for MNCs to adapt the cultural shift within the country. The business within the UAE has its own cultural etiquettes and ethics which a MNCs need to adapt with tolerance and flexibility. The UAE is the Islamic country whose culture is totally different in respect to greetings, attribute towards the god, prayers, appearance, religion, behavior, communications, workplace environment, women at workplace, eating and drinking habits etc. Thus the MNC doing business o planning to do business within UAE have to follow such cultural norms in relation to marketing and all other operational activities so as to follow the legal obligations and also to make the market loyal towards the company with the feeling of belongingness (Cross cultural business relationships: Abu Dhabi, 2011). FedEx Express is the industry global leaders in the express distribution industry and committed to provide rapid, reliable, and timely delivery service in about 220 countries and territories which connects the network of more than 90 percent of the worlds GDP within one to three business days. The company facilitates the customers with several world class services such as unmatched air route authorities and best transport infrastructure, integrates with high class technical infrastructure which makes FedEx Express as the worlds largest freight and express transportation organization. The global leader has to face various challenges of the global business environment and combating with all such challenges it becomes the leader to take the competitive advantage of the global market. Being the global leader, the company faces various challenges in trading within the foreign countries including the cultural challenges utmost. FedEx UAE also faced various cross cultural challenges to esta blish itself and to earn the loyalty of the customers as FedEx is the US based company and UAE is the Islamic country thus there is a huge cultural difference between both the home country and the host country of the FedEx (Company Information). Cultural Challenges faced by FedEx in UAE Being the global market leader of the express industry and even in the UAE express market, FedEx has to face various environmental challenges particularly the cross cultural challenges with respect to the workplace environment and the marketing among the host country customers. The cultural challenges relate to religion, language, working style, women at workplace, behavior, attitude, appearances etc. These Factors pay a very vital role in the organizational culture and the customer satisfaction and loyalty as the local national prefer those brands within which they have trust and belongingness and the most culturally related organization is able to reach more and more local customers. Within the host country, the FedEx have to attract the UAE local Nationals and have to employ the local Emirati people as per the UAE policy of Emiritization and to reduce the operational cost. But in doing so the company has to face various challenges related to cross cultural environment. Islam, the official religion of UAE encompasses the every aspect of life within the country. Showing disrespectful feeling for the Islam is the serious and punishable offense within the country. The Islamic faith throws light on the generosity, respect and the modesty within the business which is totally opposite to the US based organizational culture. The individual honor and respect as the human is the most prominent and supreme within the Islamic culture and business discussions are mainly done with the help of indirect style of communications. Hierarchy is the most important concept within the UAE which mainly focuses on the top down approach having the decisions, powers and authorities centralized to the single person. Within the direct communication, they leave comparatively less personal space as compared to other organizational culture but the Arab gives high value to the Civility within the business itself. Shaking hands within the meetings and departing is restricted only t o Men; Women usually avoid shaking hands for greeting and the Men usually place hand over their own heart in greeting women. Status of the person within the organization is considered as very much important and most senior person in the group is greeted first whether with the first or last name or with the titles. Hospitality is considered as the matter of pride within the Arab culture and they preserve the honor of the host (Culture and Work Styles in Dubai, 2011). The culture is very many vast terms and comprises of various factors, attire is one of the major factor within UAE culture. Arab Men used to wear Thobe, a long ankle length white cotton garment and the women wore Abaya which makes them covered from shoulders to feet. Foreign men wore the formal business attire for the business and western women wear western clothing with the care to cover the legs, arms, shoulders and legs as it is considered as impolite to remain them uncovered (Culture and Work Styles in Dubai, 2011). Alcohol is strictly prohibited under the culture and it is considers as illegal offence to have the license of alcohol. Bars and hotel provides the alcohol for the tourist, expats and the residents who have the license to buy the fixed amount of alcohol every month. Public display of drinking alcohol is the strict offence and punished as fine to incarceration as per the offence (Culture and Work Styles in Dubai, 2011). As compared to Europe and the US, the attitude towards time in the UAE is far more relaxed for instances, the meetings can start late or can be cancelled at the last moment without any warning which is the greatest challenge for FedEx as it is the US based firm where strict timelines are followed. The working week within UAE culture is also different from the Christian countries i.e. it runs from Saturday to Wednesday with the weekend having the Muslin Sabbath (Challanges of Doing Business in UAE). Arabic is considered as the official language of UAE, though English, Hindi, Persian is widely spoken in the country and Urdu is considered as the language of commerce. More than 80 % of the UAE national and Expats follow Sunni Branch of Islam, and rest follows Shia Branch of Islam. Religious freedom is being provided by the constitution and other religions practiced in the country are Hinduism and Christianity (Culture People). Strategies and Measures to manage such challenges Such cross cultural challenges so faced by the FedEx within UAE can affect it international business in the host country of UAE as it directly affects the work culture environment and the organizational culture and also affects the marketing strategy of the company. FedEx have to interact the local UAE consumers directly as it is involved in the Express business. Managing the cultural impact is quite difficult to the company in the direct marketing and interaction with the consumers and even with the other stakeholders. Some of the strategies and measures can be applied in order to combat with such challenges and to evolve as the UAE local as well as the global market leader within the Express market of UAE. Such measures are as follows: A basic understanding of Islam. Knowledge about role of women in the workplace environment and at home. Awareness to the Arab workplace culture. Knowledge of verbal and non verbal communication in the Arab culture. Attire and dressing knowledge as per the requirement. Effective translation during communication. Respect as a prominent factor (Cross cultural business relationships: Abu Dhabi, 2011). Future Prospects The UAE is considered as the most cosmopolitan and westernized country of the world but in spite of such business exposure, it has preserved its cultural heritage. The globalization have resulted to the transformation of traditional culture in to multicultural tapestry which would lead to the mix of traditional and modern eastern and western culture within the UAE and helps to manage the cross cultural challenges for the MNCs planning to set p their business in UAE.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

As a graduation speaker, I'm supposed to stand up here reflectively gazing out upon the few, the proud, the chosen: the Class of 2012, and point in general directions while saying the clichà ©, "Among us I see the first female president and a future congressman and the next mayor of Everett." But besides that I would never in my most vengeful moments wish those positions upon any of you, I cannot make those assertions because I am categorically against campaigns of any kind. Inspirational speaker John Bytheway said, "Success is more likely to come naturally from living life fully than by a direct and pointed campaign to achieve that long-range goal." This asserts that it's better to achieve by living deliberately than by doorbelling. Maybe this is because of those things we associate with campaigning. Campaigning implies the pursuit of power or a position. Whistle stops aren't about smelling the roses or enjoying the view, they're about shaking as many hands and kissing as many babies as possible, never mind the names and faces. Campaigning implies competition. Some people don't go after opportunities because they wish to avoid the cannibalism involved, and it's really unfortunate that any of our high school experiences may have been less because of a fear of friction. Even more misguided were those who did compete, but only because there was the chance to become taller by standing on someone else's head. They didn't know the cause, they didn't really care; they just wanted the crown. And campaigning ends in one of two ways: you either win or you lose. Now I'm not trying to knock on goals. On the contrary, discover a goal worth working for, something you can be passionate about. Better yet, get yourself a project... ..., I get it." Those times are bonuses, because sometimes there's nothing: there is no thanks, there is no recognition. But we don't do it for the crown. We don't campaign. We do good things for the right reasons at Wilson so now, now I can gaze prophetically out upon the few, the anxious, the survivors of CE: the Class of 2003, and predict that among us is the parent who will endure bad weather and worse calls during a Little League game only to be thanked by muddy cleats on the seat of the car. Among us is the kindred spirit who will pick up the neighbor's blown-over trashcan every Thursday morning. Among us is the nine-to-fiver who will stick around until eight to cover for an overwhelmed colleague. We do good things for the right reasons. It may not be glamorous, but it's genuine. We may not build monuments, but we have and will continue to make memories.

Okonkwo as Morally Ambiguous Character Essay

â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe describes tribal life in the jungles of Africa and speaks about Ibo community before the arrival of a white man. The main character of the story, Okonkwo, can be described as morally ambiguous because, on the one hand, he is a man of greatness, although, on the other hand, such qualities as violence and gender discrimination are inherent to him. Certain aspects of novel, as, for example, his suicide at the end, show that his character is of ambiguous nature. Moral ambiguity is important for the overall theme of the story as the author is willing to prove that people are very rarely purely good or evil. Thus, Achebe tends to create characters that are more applicable for the readers, not to create moral standing images. (Leach, p. 1053) Okonkwo is morally dynamic character. On the one hand, he is sensitive to his family, children and friends, but, on the other hand, he attempts to rebel his father exhibiting the tendency to violence and power of physical strength. The author shows that his character is developed by the situation he is presented with. Thus, the character has to respond to swiftly changing situations and to act depending on them. In the beginning of the book we see that Okonkwo is respected and he is satisfied with his success. He works hard towards his goal to become rich and famous. He is a man of great physical and moral strength. The issue of moral ambiguity arises, when Okonkwo simply discards his father not respecting and following the qualities he exhibits. Lack of self-discovery and moral resolution shows ambiguous nature of the character. (Noromele, 200) The main character flaw is presented by Achebe as: â€Å"But his whole life was dominated by fear, the fear of failure and of weakness†¦It was not external but lay deep within himself. It was the fear of himself, lest he should be found to resemble his father†. (Achebe, p. 13) Okonkwo’s reflections about tribal order, family members and social status prove that Ibo society associates men only with strength. Okonkwo’s son by his first wife is described as a woman-like being a serious insult. After Ikemefuna’s death main hero can’t understand his sorrow asking himself: â€Å"When did you become a shivering old woman? † (Achebe, p. 62) The fear not to become fragile makes Okonkwo work hard accumulating material possessions and justifying his manhood – good harvest, wives and honors. His fear suppresses him to express the feelings of sympathy, gentles, empathy and compassion. Instead, he refers to violence to escape from frustrated emotions. For example, he prefers â€Å"wrestling during his youth and later becoming a renowned warrior†. (Achebe, p. 69) Achebe shows that Okonkwo is man of action rather than a man of thought. Okonkwo earns respect of villages due to his violence, but he doesn’t realize that violence will lead him to moral destruction, exile and ultimate death. Achebe illustrates that Okonkwo’s fear to become weak and fragile makes him commit numerous transgressions against social laws in community. Okonkwo beats his third wife during the Weak of Peace as the week is dedicated to the Earth goddess Ani. Achebe writes that Okonkwo â€Å"is not the man to stop beating someone half-way through, not even for fear of goddess†. (Achebe, p. 30) Okonkwo thinks that showing personal strength values more than displaying deference to goddess. The turning point in the story is when Okonkwo kills a young clansman at the funeral. He is exiled for seven years. When Okonkwo returns to his village, he sees the presence of white men and establishment of the new law. Instead of being supported to take revenge, Okonkwo faces hesitation and doubt realizing that the spirit of clan is dead. Summing up, Okonkwo is morally ambiguous character presented as a man of greatness, although being ready to violate social and natural laws. Okonkwo works hard to become rich and famous, but he permits violence and intolerance to justify his manhood. It is Okonkwo’s fear of weakness that leads him to moral destruction. In the end Okonkwo faces what he fears the most – weakness and inability to take action. In the image of Okonkwo the author shows that there are no purely good or evil personalities. Works Cited Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. London: Heinemann, 1958. Leach, Josephine. A Study of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart in mid-America. The English Journal, 60, 8 (1971): pp. 1052-1056. Noromele, Patrick. 22 March 2000. The Plight of A Hero in Achebe s Things Fall Apart. College Literature, available at http://www. highbeam. com/College+Literature/publications. aspx

The Monroe Doctrine

The Monroe Doctrine Free Online Research Papers QUESTION: Discuss the creation of the Monroe Doctrine and how its birth shaped U.S. foreign policy from the 1820’s through the American Civil War. Be sure to include the key players and their various motives in creating or using this important document. The Monroe Doctrine History during the early 1800’s found the American people very interested in the situation involving the Latin American countries found in central, South America, and Mexico. Though these Latin countries tried to establish their own government and proclaimed their independence, certain European countries continued to fight and reinstate their force and power over them. A major factor to consider was that France and Spain were considering joining forces to create a large and powerful military force, also in hopes of moving in to reclaim the areas of Latin states in which French or Spanish power had slipped. Americans were showing equal concern to the defense of their own country, their coastlines and the states and territory of the North American continent. This defense, not only in the meaning of protecting their colonized states from invasive forces, but defense also to protect the available land on the continent from the future possibilities of settlement and control by European countries or the Holy Alliance (Russia, Prussia and Austria.) During President James Monroe’s term, the president realized the States should start to exert power in the world. The States must develop a policy to protect his countrys interests. President Monroe chose to consult with many of those he found wise and those whose opinions he valued (former President Thomas Jefferson, John Calhoun and James Madison, and Secretary John Quincy Adams. Great Britain tried to collaborate with the United States, hoping to send out a joint message to other European countries and the Holy Alliance. All but the Secretary of State agreed it would be in the best interest of the States to ally with Great Britain. The thought was to create a document or declaration stating the land on the northern continent of America could no longer be claimed by any European country, or the Holy Alliance. It was also clearly expressed Europe or the Holy Alliance should not interfere with into American affairs and could expect the United States would not become involved in the business of other countries. There would be no tolerance of those who chose to ignore or interfere with all that was set forth in this document. Colonization of the land and territories by Americans was acceptable; growth was expected, especially to the north and west. The population of the states, at that time, was expanding and settled land was becoming crowded. Great Britain, though perhaps not too happy to relinquish any powers or rights to colonize any territory in the American territory, offered support to the implementation of a diplomatic document issued regarding this issue. JAMES MONROE President James Monroe governed the States with an intelligent and fair leadership. There are two things for which he is named and perhaps best known, Fort Monroe and the Monroe Doctrine. Both Fort Monroe and the Monroe Doctrine were both created in the hopes of deterring future attacks on the States, seen in the burning of Washington and during the colonization of the territories of the country. Fort Monroe developed as a coastal defensive port, a stronghold against foreign military advances. The Monroe Doctrine developed as a defensive mechanism against European countries and the Holy Alliance, countries dominating in world power and continuing to pursue land in the western hemisphere. James Monroe grew up as a planter and later became a military officer. His military career was considered unsuccessful by most, his job was to enlist soldiers into the war and his success rate was low. He later served as senator and governor of Virginia and was assigned to duty overseas by President Thomas Jefferson. He increased his political knowledge by gaining valuable knowledge in his legal profession and while performing as a liaison to foreign countries. However, along with this knowledge he brought the character traits of honest and integrity, along with respect for the government and for his country. Combined, President Monroe possessed many attributes which helped to pave the way for his future career as the nations president. Monroe served for two presidential terms. He led the country with these traits, placing the rights of the people above his own. â€Å"One of his lasting achievements was the Monroe Doctrine, which became a major tenet of U.S. foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere.† (para 1, Biography: A Life in Brief) During his second term he, along with his Secretary of State. John Quincy Adams, worked together to create the Monroe Doctrine. During President Monroe’s last message to Congress, in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine was presented. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS John Quincy Adams played a very important part in the production of the Monroe Doctrine. Very early in his career Mr. Adams, a Harvard graduate, was selected and assigned overseas to diplomatic posts overseas. Many years were spent abroad; Mr. Adams achieved success serving in political assignments. â€Å"One of the most important lessons he learned while serving abroad was that the United States should not become caught become rivalries that exist between European companies.† (para 2, John Quincy Adams) Remaining in politics, John Quincy Adams decided to run for the Senate. He was elected with the support of the Federalist Party. He later lost their support when he vocalized support for President Thomas Jefferson and his embargo. True to Mr. Adam’s lessons learned while serving overseas, the embargo was for neutrality while England and France were at war. Mr. Adams was chosen to become the Secretary of State for President James Monroe. John Quincy Adams believed the States should remain neutral and should protect the natural resources; these ideas were very similar to those shared by President Monroe. The Secretary of States knowledge and philosophies were very instrumental in many political negotiations and in the development of documents and treaties. His career as Secretary of State was considered very successful. One of his great accomplishments (other than the Monroe Doctrine) was the peace treaty of Ghent. While serving as Secretary of State during the early 1800’s, Mr. Adams helped to negotiate the acquisition of land which had previously owned by other countries, to include the purchase of Florida. It was during this term that President Monroe and Secretary of State Adams felt it was in the best interest of the States for the declaration, later to be known as the Monroe Doctrine, to be created. Hoping to stop the advancement of colonization by Europe and the Holy Alliance, the government would issue this doctrine during Monroes second term. The declaration announcing the States would not become entangled in or take sides during disputes between other countries would also allow the American country a chance to build a reputation as an independent nation. While others counseled President Monroe during the creation stages of the document, it was the opinion of Mr. Adams on which the president relied. The ideas used were more truly devised by both the president and Mr. Adams. They were in agreement that not only should the doctrine include a warning, there would be no future colonization of the States by European countries or the Holy Alliance, but also that there should be no involvement in United States affairs and the United States would not get involved in the affairs of other countries. John Quincy Adams also had some political motives for implementing the doctrine during the term of President Monroe. Mr. Adams planned to run for the presidency as a Republican. Having the doctrine issued by Monroe, Adams was able to have the policies put into effect and yet he would not seem to the public as though he was pro-British, at a time when the Republicans would not have approved. THOMAS JEFFERSON President Monroe chose Thomas Jefferson for advice. He asked what Jeffersons opinion was towards allowing Great Britain be a joint party in the development of a doctrine. Mr. Jefferson answered by writing a letter to the president. Thomas Jefferson also felt it was time the States controlled their own continent, without interference from other powers. He also stated he continued to think that Great Britain was such a powerful force that if they were not included, they may take action against the States. He wrote it would be a huge step in the forward movement of the United States if they were to have the ability to expand to their borders and have the opportunity to increase their states and colonies by decreasing the hold of other countries. He was hesitant because of the power of these same countries. â€Å"Both Jefferson and former president James Madison, whom Monroe also consulted, recommended cooperation with Britain. However, Monroes Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, was more cautious.† (para 4, Today in History) GEORGE CANNING (British Foreign Minister) During the development of the Monroe Doctrine Great Britain was extremely concerned with Spain and France and their pressure on the Latin countries. Great Britain did not want to lose ground, many of their politicians worked and negotiated against these countries, decreasing their control in the western hemisphere. Both France and Spain were once again trying to assert their power over these countries in Central, South America, and Mexico. Great Britain did not want this to happen. â€Å"Britain, prospering from newly opened Latin American trade, opposed this move. In 1823, Foreign Minister George Canning proposed, through Richard Rush, the American minister, the two nations jointly express their hostility to intervention.† (para 2, Monroe, James) They presented their developing idea of a proclamation protecting the interests of the States. Trying to preserve some political interests of Great Britain, George Canning presented an idea that together the States and Great Britain present a joint proclamation, this would allow Great Britain the rights to colonize Latin countries. Great Britain would benefit from the increased commerce from the Latin countries and the continued trade with the states, so, even though President Monroe gave a negative response to the offer of a joint declaration, Great Britain was still supportive of the Monroe Doctrine. How the Birth of the Monroe Doctrine Shaped US Foreign Policy from 1820’s through the Civil War. The Monroe Doctrine was issued in 1823 by President Monroe during his last address to Congress. Later in history it was realized there may have been no way to actually implement the consequences, if the Monroe Doctrine was dismissed by Europe and the Holy Alliance. However; it was successful, those countries did accept and abide by the doctrine initially. In later years, during the countrys expansion the doctrine became less substantial. There were times when it was used to the benefit of the country and other occasions when it did not prove to be the answer. During the early 1830s Great Britain claimed alliance with Texas and the Monroe Doctrine was interjected, as reminder and a means of substantiating the diplomatic rights of the United States. When the Doctrine was issued Great Britain still controlled colonies and territories in the west (Oregon, California). Settlers began to move west and challenged the British rights. Two succeeding presidents, President Tyler and President Polk were determined to find a means to loosen the control of Britain in the west. Evoking the Monroe Doctrine, each president faced Great Britain, requesting acknowledgement of the proclamation. Using the doctrine to protect the Latin states was not so positive, when used to address the fight between Spain and the Dominican Republic. Conclusion The creation of the Monroe Doctrine changed not only the history of the States but perhaps the history of the world. Declaring that Europe and the Holy Alliance could no longer interfere with the Latin countries allowed these new countries the time they needed to develop their countries, their business, and their trade and shipping markets. Since commerce and shipping was no longer dominated by the larger countries, this allowed the States an opportunity to grow and develop in the trade market also. This time and confidence allowed them to develop their own naval military powers also. The initiation and implementation of such a wise first move in foreign policy was one of many that helped to build the United States into a forceful power. WORKS CITED Biography: A Life in Brief. James Monroe. American Presidents. para 1. Updated April 26, 2005, from: americanpresident.org/history/jamesmonroe/ John Quincy Adams. John-Quincy-Adams.com. para 2. Retrieved September 7, 2005, john-quincy-adams.com Today in History, October 17. American Memory. Library of Congress, para 4. (Retrieved September 7, 2005 from: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/oct17.html Monroe, James. The American Presidency. Encyclopedia Americana 2005 para 2 Retrieved September 8, 2005, http://ap.grolier.com/article?assetid=0275240-00templatename=/article/article.html Research Papers on The Monroe DoctrineAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2The Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceBringing Democracy to AfricaPETSTEL analysis of India19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresQuebec and CanadaDefinition of Export Quotas

Short paper on George Lucas career.

Short paper on George Lucas career. George Lucas born and grew up on a walnut ranch in Modesto, California. When Lucas was in his late teens he developed an interest in drag racing. However, a severe car accident changed what he had wanted to be when he grew up. Originally he had wanted to be a race car driver. Lucas had gone to Modesto Junior college before attending the University of Southern California film school. While he was attending film school he made several short films such as THX-1138:4EB, which had one first prize at the national student film festival. In 1967 he was granted a scholarship to watch the making of the movie Finian's Rainbow, which was directed by Francis Ford Coppola, who had also directed the movie The Godfather. In 1969 Coppola and Lucas created a company called American Zoetrope. The first undertaking of the company was a full length version of Lucas's THX-1138.A portrait of George Lucas, Pasadena, California, ...In 1971, when Coppola started directing The Godfather Lucas had set out and c reated his own company called Lucasfilm Ltd. In 1973 he had written and directed the film American Graffiti. American Graffiti had won the Golden Globe and had been nominated for five Academy Awards. In 1973 he had started writing the screen play for the movie Star Wars, which he was inspired to write by Flash Gordon and Planet of the Apes. He established ILM (Industrial Light and Magic) for the special effects for the movie. Sprocket Systems was established to edit and mix it and it later became know as Skywalker Sounds. His movie was turned down by a few different companies until Twentieth Century Fox had liked the idea. The film had broken all box office records and had received seven Academy Awards. Lucas along with Steven Spielberg had created the Indiana Jones which the...

Bazaar Ceramics Studio Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bazaar Ceramics Studio - Research Paper Example Bazaar Ceramics has a wide range of products to meet the needs of clients both nationally and internationally. The studio produces exquisite one-off sculptural pieces for the individual and corporate collector. IT systems have become increasingly critical to the smooth operation of a company, and arguably the economy as a whole, the importance of ensuring the continued operation of those systems, or the rapid recovery of the systems, has increased. This plan aims to avert larger losses in the event that the businesses do not continue to operate due to the risk occurring. The objective of this plan is to document critical resources and personnel requirements to protect the company if all or parts of its operations or computer services are interrupted by an outage or disruptive event.   Information such as; critical business processes, technology components required, manual workaround procedures, identified alternate recovery sites, and key personnel contact information will be documented.   Vital. The business process areas under this category would include accounting and finance, and sales. The hardware under this category includes Cables, Router/Switch, PCs, Printer, and phone and fax machine. The software and data would include MYOB and MYOB Data file. These functions cannot be performed by manual means or can be performed manually for only a very brief period of time. In applications classified as vital, a brief suspension of processing can be tolerated, but a considerable amount of "catching-up" will be needed to restore data to a current or usable form. Sensitive. The business areas under this category would be purchasing and human resource management. The hardware would include: Cables, Router/Switch, PCs, Printer and the software and data would be the same as in the critical business process. These business processes can be performed, with difficulty but at tolerable cost, by manual means for an extended period of time. Sensitive applications also require "catching-up" once restored.

China Superpower Status Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

China Superpower Status - Essay Example As identified, the factors that were considered in ranking these economies are: â€Å"institutions, infrastructure, macroeconomic stability, health and primary education, higher education and training, goods market efficiency, labor market efficiency, financial market sophistication, technological readiness, market size, business sophistication, and innovation† (Ali, 2010, par. 2). In an article written by Miller (2006) in an attempt to assess China as an emerging superpower, the author initially proffered the need to determine the crucial elements that define a country being classified as a ‘superpower’, to wit: â€Å"a â€Å"superpower† is a country that has the capacity to project dominating power and influence anywhere in the world, and sometimes, in more than one region of the globe at a time, and so may plausibly attain the status of global hegemon† (Miller, 2006, par. 4). ... nents that were deemed critical to categorize a country as generating the status of a superpower were pinpointed as â€Å"measured along four axes of power: military, economic, political, and cultural† (Miller, 2006, par. 5). In this regard, the essay aims to identify the reasons for China’s ascent to super power status using the components above mentioned. Reasons for China’s Ascent to Superpower Status Consistent with Miller’s (2006) contentions that identified the crucial components for superpower status, the study written by Xuetong (2006) likewise supported that the same elements, eminent strength in military power, political and economic power have paved the way for China’s ascent. Xuetong’s (2006) assessment indicated that with data compiled in 2003, from among seven states, France, Britain, Russia, Japan, Germany, and India, China emerged as the sole country with strong power status on the three identified components (pp. 20 – 21). France, Britain and Russia manifest strong military and political powers, but weak economic power. 1. Economic Power The tremendous growth in China’s economy spurred by the expansion in manufacturing of diverse products at practically the lowest labor cost from among international economies have paved the way for its ascendance to strong economic power status. The statistics reveal the China’s GDP ranks second from among the countries in the world. As noted by Miller (2006), â€Å"China’s rise further depends critically on the continuation of such growth rates, and there are reasons to wonder how long the spectacular rates of the past 25 years can continue. The high proportion of China’s economy occupied by its exports makes it sensitive to the ups and downs of the international economy generally and to the engine of

ACCOUNTANT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ACCOUNTANT - Essay Example One overstated expenses aggressively while the second was the true record. It was hoped that the excess amounts, once approved by the IRS, would result in an excess of reimbursement that could be fed into the revenue stream and form a source of revenue for the business. This falsification of accounts is tantamount to fraud. It is known as a ‘qui tam’ or false claims case (Eichenwald, 1998, 3.1). When the amounts involved are quite large, the danger that Alderson faced, even after termination of employment could range from permanent injury to death threats to himself and his family. After his dismissal from service, Alderson and his family were forced to move from his house in Whitefish to a cramped cottage in rural Montana where they lived frugally. It took 13 years for a decision to be made and Alderson to be awarded with damages that were sufficient enough to cover his expenses and let him live a comfortable retirement. The principle that Mr. Alderson committed himself to after watching a partner sign an Audit Report at Arthur Anderson was that the signing had better mean that whatever was being committed to was correct and true to the best of the accountant’s knowledge and the opinion that they gave was without prejudice and vouched for the integrity of the records that they had checked and

Commentator on the human condition Essay Example for Free

Commentator on the human condition Essay Michael Leunig is a commentator on the human condition who uses simple, short cartoons to express his ideas to the public. In The Plotter, he conveys the message that society operates in a created sense of urgency. The idea is that the majority of the people believe that acting too slowly upon seeing an opportunity means there will be no other chances of success later on and thus must move quickly. Another idea that arises in The Plotter is that life is a journey and not a destination. This is all shown using intriguing techniques in his interesting and comical cartoon that captures its viewers. The episode starts out with an individual character walking towards the left slowly followed by the screen. Every step is taken with precision, taking about the same amount of time for each step to land, and this is emphasised by the musical beat of the background. The music is motion-toned as the pitch rises as a hurrying man runs from right to left, passing the individual. As the man runs past he calls out , and the individuals response is After this, the pitch is lowered again and the individual continues walking slowly. Only in a matter of seconds, a lady comes running by in the same direction and as she passes she yells to which he replies . One by one, people run past him trying to condemn and mock the leisurely individual for not conforming, however, the individual remains unhurt by their sayings and repeats pleasant words as an answer to the runners. The technique of dialogue and its setting out is very important. It tells the viewer that the individual thinks in his own ways, not conforming to the society that believes in the created sense of urgency. This individual has his own objective in life and wants to live by experiencing everything slowly while others try to make him keep in touch with the real world hence the call you wont know whats happening, you wont be clever. Visual techniques used by Michael Leunig to deliver his ideas include colour, foreground/backgrounding and body language. The colour of the background is natural, with the sky in blue and the ground in green as grass usually is. This use of natural colour has connotations to the natural instincts of human beings and thus links with the issue that Leunig suggests. The colour of the people running in the background is darker than the individual who stands in the foreground, possibly containing the meaning of evil in the runners, who together represent the majority of the world. The foregrounding of the individual and the backgrounding of the runners signifies the individual over the other people, as if criticising the world in the background and using the individual character to portray the world that should be as it always is with Michael Leunigs works. The posture and body language of the characters in The Plotter is organised so that the individual is slightly hunched showing the persons humbleness while the runners are portrayed standing tall and strong showing false confidence. Through these techniques, Michael Leunig illustrates a simple and interesting story with deep meaning,

Intrusion Detection Systems in Security

Intrusion Detection Systems in Security Abstract Modern world provide the latest system of internet which is disputing for the security of information systems. The defense of information is becoming the part and parcel for internet day by day. Current Intrusion Detection systems cannot make sure to detect attacks in real time environment as it has insufficient ability to do that. To cope with latest invasions attack, database should be rationalized time to time. Systems fall squat to recognize fresh attacks due to lack of domain familiarity. If there is any lack of domain familiarity, Intrusion Detection system can fall squat to recognize new attack. In Wireless and AD HOC networks, Information security revolves into imperative role. Possibility of vulnerability to attacks rises as for their flexible nature. A few intrusion detection schemes suggested for where wired networks are not sufficient for Wireless and AD HOC networks. In AD HOC networks, it is significant for such slant that is proficient to intellect any variety of eccentric actions. In fact, it is out of ability of technology to encumber each single contravention. In this thesis I am going to model a IDS using time series techniques for wireless AD HOC network by which it can detect intruders. Time series is a technique by which we can detect intrusion. To form the rapid change of time series data, the technique applies the Auto-Regressive (AR) method, and achieves in order hypothesis test to detect the intrusion. By means of time and location correlation, the systems and modes verify the existence of anomalous commotion, as well as its occurring time and location. It is proved and demonstrates that the experimental outcomes perform better with the recommended method in detecting the intrusion. Acknowledgements Introduction Security is the major issue for the wireless and Mobile AD HOC network because it is using â€Å"AIR† as media .Research project address this part as Intrusion Detection. Mounting world cannot imagine even for a single day without computer and computer is basis on internet. Nowadays secure information of internet is becoming very high priority. Modern world emphases in a way by which it can be protect the data and information from any illicit and unauthorized access. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can be differs in various techniques and advance with the objective to detect suspicious traffic in dissimilar ways. There are two significant categories of intrusion detection systems. One is called network-based intrusion detection system (NIDS) and the other one is host-based intrusion system (HIDS). The existing system that detects attacks based on looking for specific signature of identified threats. It reveals particularly that we may have two sets of data; one is of usual and common data and other one apprehensive and suspicious data. So intrusion detection systems match the data with the set of normal and suspicious data and if the deference between the two set is above a threshold value then intrusion is detected. Currently, if Internet infrastructure assault such as man in the middle attack, denial of service attacks and worms infection, have become one of the most serious threats to the network security [1]. It is very likely feasible to detect the attacks and abnormal behaviors if there is sufficient and efficient method and technique exists for monitor and examine, and it can not only make sure proceed warning of potential attacks, but also help out to recognize the reasons, source and locations of the anomalies. By this way, it may assist to restrain the attacks, sooner than they have enough time to broadcast across the network. This document represents the method, in support of detecting network anomalies by analyzing the unexpected change of time series data .With the comparison of other anomaly detection methods. We have focal point on the vibrant behavior of the network rather than using the static models. Our process and method concerns the Auto-Regressive (AR) process to model the r apid and unexpected change of time series data, and performs sequential hypothesis test in contrast with two adjoining non-overlapping windows of the time series to detect the anomalies Aim and Objectives Aim: The aim of this thesis is to design and implement a IDS for wireless network to detect and monitoring malicious activities by using time series analysis techniques. Objectives: ïÆ'Ëœ Review current intrusion detection systemïÆ'Ëœ Analyze the data with suspicious activitiesïÆ'Ëœ Design appropriate system architecture for IDSïÆ'Ëœ Implement the system using time series analysisïÆ'Ëœ Testing and evaluate the system.ïÆ'Ëœ Future work Academic Background Intrusion detection system In general, an Intrusion Detection System is not an antivirus program to detect virus or not a network logging system for detecting complete vulnerability or not a vulnerability tools which can check bus, flaws and network services. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a software or hardware by which we can detect hackers, male ware and bots. There are few types of Intrusion detection system like Network Intrusion Detection System, Protocol-based Intrusion Detection System, Application protocol-based Intrusion Detection System and Host-based Intrusion Detection System etc. Now a day, wireless network is increasing dramatically. We are trying to make everything which can connect to internet without wire. Compare to wired network, it is easy to capture the channel of wireless network for an intruders.Why We Need Intrusion Detection System Why we need IDS An overview of current intrusion detection system Wireless networks are extremely vulnerable to man in the middle attack, DOS and other attacks because they depend on a shared communication medium as well as depend on limited resources. Wireless ad hoc networks do not have a central control as wireless LANs and they also provide a dynamic topology. This increases the complexity of the intrusion detection schemes in ad hoc networks. Network Anomaly Detection Using Time Series Analysis According to Qingtao Wu and Zhiqing Shaos research paper, This research paper explain to detect network intrusion using time series analysis. Anomaly and sequential detection with time series data Intrusion Detection Alert Flow Processing Using Time Series Analysis Methods Processing intrusion detection alert aggregates with time series modeling Compare Wired and Wireless Intrusion Detection System (Dragan Pleskonjic) In wired network, Intruder should be attached physically. Intruder needs a direct connectivity into the network.It is possible to trace the intruder In wireless network, Intruder does not require any physical connection. So Intruder can stay everywhere. There are no difference between internal and external network so it is difficult to specify the attack whether it is insider or outsider.The border of Defense of wireless networks is weak compare to wired network.

IBM DB2 vs Oracle Essay -- essays research papers

For this week’s paper I have chosen to do a comparison between IBM’s DB2 database management system (DBMS) product and Oracle. Realistically, making such a comparison is akin to discussing religion with friends. Each person will have their own biases based on their own experiences. Looking for an unbiased opinion is much like looking for the Holy Grail, every bit as speculative and subjective with the results jaundiced by the outlook of the reporter (Lim, 2002). A decision between DB2 and Oracle should be based on what resources are available for use at the site. Is there specific hardware or software already onsite that can or will be used in the installation, if so this will have a major impact on the decision making process. Does the staff have an existing knowledge base that favors one or the other DBMS and is there a team that has unallocated time to dedicate to this project or will another project be put on hold to allow them to make this project their focus until completion. Finally, have the costs of ongoing maintenance for fixed and soft assets been considered? All of the above will impact the decision making processes prior to purchasing one of the DBMS’s. These factors aside, either DBMS will run as fast as the other provided that the environment has been optimized for it (Lim, 2002). A side by side analysis of the hardware and software requirements for both DBMS’s shows some remarkable similarities as well as some differences. Similarities in baseline processors across the various hardware platforms but different amounts of disk space and both applications desiring as much memory as possible to improve performance (Chigrik, 2003). For DB2 v8.1 when installed into a windows environment you will need a minimum of a Pentium or Pentium compatible processor, at least 256mb of ram, and between 100 and 350mb of hard disk space depending on whether the installation is compact, custom, or typical. Depending of the file format of the disk drives additional space may be needed by DB2 because of cluster sizes (Chigrik, 2003). Oracle 9i on the other hand requires a minimum of 128b of ram in a windows environment, although 256mb is recommended. Oracle also requires a minimum of 200mb of virtual memory for file swap space. In terms of processors, Oracle specifies a minimum of a Pentium 166 or higher. Oracle also needs 140mb of disk space on the system drive an... ... block indexes. IBM DB2 has higher limits in most of the common database features except most columns in an index key, longest index key, max char() size, max table row length, longest SQL statement, and recursive sub queries (Chigrik, 2003). In the end there is no clear cut winner, as stated previously, a lot of the outcome is determined by the experience of the developer of the database and the administrator of the database. Both DBMSs can be used to build stable and efficient transaction processing systems, with the level of experience of the personnel working with the system having a greater impact on performance, than the vendor supplying the DBMS (Chigrik, 2003). References Chigrik, A. (2003). Oracle 9i Database vs DB2 v8.1. Retrieved May 11, 2005, from MSSQL City Web site: http://www.mssqlcity.com/Articles/Compare/oracle_vs_db2.htm#part_3. Lim, C. (2002). Oracle vs DB2 vs Teradata. Retrieved May. 11, 2005, from Experts.About.com Web site: http://experts.about.com/q/1041/2465849.htm. Transaction Processing Performance Council, (2005). Retrieved May. 11, 2005, from Top Ten TPC-C by Performance Version 5 Results Web site: http://www.tpc.org/tpcc/results/tpcc_perf_results.asp.