Effects of Extramarital Affairs with Divorce on Middle...

I interviewed Ann (pseudonym), who is a middle-aged woman who is a mother of three and has always been a happy, loving, and positive human being. However when I knew that I was going to interview her, I instantly knew that I was going to focus on the topic of how extramarital affairs (emotional and or sexual relationship a spouse has outside of their relationship) and divorce affects middle aged women. I chose this topic as the effects it has on a woman can be life-changing and can result in them becoming an entirely different person, and in the case of Ann it couldn’t be any more apparent. It is important to acknowledge that a divorce and the effect that it has is one subject matter, but a divorce caused by extramarital affairs is an†¦show more content†¦However a large portion of people hypocritically engage in extramarital relations. Michael Wiederman (1997) published an article in the Journal of Sex Research that had the goal to find out the prevalence of extr amarital sex. The method of the research was face to face interviews, and then the participants were given a small questionnaire to privately complete. The sample was randomly chosen and the sample size was 884 men and 1,288 women. The results of the research were that men were more likely than women to engage in extramarital sexual relations. 22.7% of the men engaged in extramarital sex compared to only 11.6% of the women. When asked what the basis was for engaging in extramarital sex, men cite more sex and variety in sex as their reason more often while women cite emotional support more often (Lauer Lauer, 2009). Other reasons given were sexual frustration, being seduced, and for revenge (Lauer Lauer, 2009). In regards to whose characteristics and traits results in the extramarital affairs, there is a gender difference. Men usually engage in extramarital affairs as a result of their characteristics, while women usually engage in extramarital affairs as a result of their husbands characteristics (Elmslie Tebaldi 2008). Sex as an addiction has also be a recent development that isShow MoreRelatedWhy Is the Divorce Rate so Low in Japan?2056 Words   |  9 Pageshaving a low divorce rate compared to other countries. Indeed, between 1945 and 1990, the divorce rate of Japan has never been higher than 1.5 per 1000 population. Since the 1990s, the divorce rate of Japan increased, reaching 2.08 in 2005. even if we can consider this a low divorce rate in comparison with the U.S, compared with other industrialized country, it is an average rate. Then, why is Japans divorce rate considered so low? We will see first why I do not consider Japans divorce rate low,

Essay on Jazz Ken Burns - 1444 Words

Jazz by Ken Burns â€Å"JAZZ† is a documentary by Ken Burns released 2001 that focuses on the creation and development of jazz, America’s â€Å"greatest cultural achievement.† The first episodes entitled, â€Å"Gumbo, Beginnings to 1917† and â€Å"The Gift (1917-1924), explain the early growth of jazz as it originates in New Orleans and its expands to Chicago and New York during the Jazz Age. In assessing the first two episodes of Ken Burns 2001 documentary, JAZZ, this essay will explore the history of jazz, the musics racial implications, and its impact on society. In doing so, attention will also be given to the structure of the documentary, and the effectiveness of documentary film in retelling the past. In the first episode of†¦show more content†¦For this reason, their music incorporated a lot of dynamic improvisation and creativity, a characteristic that separates jazz from the other musical styles at the time of its birth. One of the two most important musical influences was Ragtime, a style of music of insistent syncopated â€Å"ragged† rhythm created by black piano players. Photos and video clips of people playing and dancing to ragtime are examples of Burns amazing use of art photography and photojournalism to make the story more vivid for the viewers. Ragtime was a style of music the youth enjoyed to listen and dance to while the older generation of white men considered it a product of anarchism. A quote by a Massachusetts attorney and politician of the nineteenth century, Edward Baxter Perry explains that â€Å" victims in [his] opinion can be treated successfully only like the dog with rabies, with a dose of led,† when talking about people who listened, and danced to ragtime. As segregation took over New Orleans, formerly freed creoles, whites who were of black descendants began to play together with the African Americans, combining their musical styles and creating an entirely new one that inco rporated which came to be known as jazz. Creoles were affluent in classical music and piano, which they incorporated into the making of jazz music. The second main musicalShow MoreRelatedBaseball By Ken Burns : Baseball Is The Constitution, Jazz Music, And Baseball1584 Words   |  7 Pagesin America, almost as long as America has been America. It has been with us through revolutions, civil wars, world wars, and depressions. To quote Gerald Early in Ken Burns’ documentary, Baseball, â€Å"There are only three things that America will be remembered for 2000 years from now when they study this civilization: The Constitution, Jazz music, and Baseball.† The memories shared through generations of baseball can be pictured by many, the pickup game of all the neighborhood boys in the vacant lotRead MoreThe History and Influence of Jazz in America Essay example852 Words   |  4 PagesJazz is consider one of the most influential types of music an America History. Some of the greatest artist in the world have contribute to the success jazz have had not only on America History but throughout the world. This paper will explain the history of jazz, where it all came from and the effect it has had on the America Culture. Meltingpot.fortuecity.com states the in the 1930’s and 1940’s jazz was at it all time highest. Although it is unclear when jazz first started some believe jazzRead MoreJazz Music1079 Words   |  5 PagesThe Beginning The word â€Å"jazz† did not become commonplace until around 1920 even though it had spent the preceding decade establishing itself as a musical genre. A mix of European harmony and African rhythm, blended with the current styles of the time such as ragtime and rhythm and blues, Jazz can be seen as an amalgamation of different cultures and has had huge influences on, and evolved concurrently with, American society in the past century. The birthplace of jazz is the subject of much more controversyRead MoreThe Jazz Age Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe era of the Roaring Twenties, was a time of great societal change. Many of these changes were greatly influenced by jazz music. During this time, the country was coming out of World War I and the attitude of most people was dark and dismal. Dance and music clubs became tremendously popular in an effort to improve the quality of life for many people. After experiencing the death and destruction caused by World War I, young men and women were ready for a change. They wanted to forget aboutRead MoreThe Development Of Jazz During The 20th Century Essay2084 Words   |  9 Pagesmy own work The Development of jazz in the early 20th Century In the late 19th Century, a new art from was emerging out of the combination of all that had gone before it on American soil... jazz. Many factors propelled jazz music into the 20th century, but none as significant as those concerning race; the segregation between blacks and whites, and the political actions taken by the American government. From 1900 to 1940, it seems, three main jazz music eras brought their own set of politicalRead MoreJazz Music: Bebop Essay1151 Words   |  5 PagesBebop is one of the most artistic styles of jazz music. Bebop gradually developed during the 1940’s. Bebop focused more on the freedom of creativity rather than rhythmic aspects. According to The Bop Era, it also gave soloists more room for â€Å"innovative improvisation† (Glass). Through the works of Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Thelonious Monk, and other players we will discover how Bebop became such a prominent style during this era. Bebop is a â€Å"genre of American music originated in New OrleansRead MoreJazz And The Past, Present, And Future1810 Words   |  8 Pages Jazz and the Past, Present, and Future One of the most profound paradoxes that Jazz as a musical genre has spurred by way of its mere existence is contained within the connotation of the word â€Å"Jazz† itself. Attempting to unravel the mysterious history of this familiar word is a sisyphusian task due in part to the contested nature of the word, yet as Alan P. Merriam and Fradley H. Garner postulate in their article Jazz – The Word from the journal Ethnomusicology: studying the problems associatedRead MoreJazz and World War Ii: Reciprocal Effects and Relationships Essay854 Words   |  4 PagesJazz and World War II: Reciprocal Effects and Relationships Both Jazz music and World War II had a significant impact on each other. Jazz music boosted the morale of soldiers fighting abroad and also lifted the spirits of their loved ones back at home. Many jazz musicians were soldiers, and several others traveled overseas or across the country to entertain U.S. troops. Among these performers were Bing Crosby, Artie Shaw, and Benny Carter. Jazz music was not only evident in American culture, butRead MoreBebop Research Papaer Essay2700 Words   |  11 PagesBebop music was the next evolutionary change of Jazz music that succeeded swing music. This paper’s aim is look at musicians who impacted this era, exploring more in depth Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker. In the early 1940’s, the swing bands began to all sound the same as well as work along predictable chord changes.1 The music was now not used for dancing. Some people believed that this would let the music go away from the elite social groups, and now be for everybody. Also just becauseRead MoreJazz Influences on the 20th Century1158 Words   |  5 PagesJazz Influence on the 20th Century Jazz is considered one of the most influential types of music in American history. Some of the greatest artists in the world have contributed to the success jazz has had not only on American history, but throughout the world. Jazz music has come to serve as the base of many music styles in the United States. This paper will explain the history of jazz, where it all came from, and the effect it has had on the American culture in the 20th century. To

Henrietta Lacks Free Essays

Henrietta Lacks Cells taken from a young African American woman in 1951 helped scientists cure polio. Cells from the same woman contributed to scientific advantages in cancer, gene mapping, and even the atom bomb. The mother of five did not life to know her cells had such importance. We will write a custom essay sample on Henrietta Lacks or any similar topic only for you Order Now She never knew, in fact, that they were being harvested. Today’s medical advances are based on practices that people now consider unethical, whereas back when Henrietta live, they did not even think twice about ethics. Henrietta Lacks did not know the cells taken from her could possibly be used to develop a multimillion-dollar medical industry. In an even crueler twist of fate, her descendants lived in poverty without access to affordable health care. The book The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot, tells the story of a women, Henrietta Lacks, and her family. Ms. Lacks was treated for cervical cancer at John’s Hopkins Hospital in 1951. Her malignant cervical cells were harvested and distributed to become the first â€Å"immortal† cell line widely used for scientific research, including their use in the development of the polio vaccine. The story tells what happened after Ms. Lacks’ death to her family, a poor African American family living in Maryland. A family who, today, would be considered poor. The story brings up key ethical issues of biomedical research, which were evolving during that era (Skloot, Rebecca). Henrietta Lacks died of an aggressive cervical cancer that invaded virtually her entire body in 1951. A common practice at the time, samples of cancer cells were taken for study. Some cells were taken by a researcher who was attempting to develop immortal cell lines for scientific purposes. In the 1950’s, the practice of taking routine tissue samples without consent from patients was not uncommon, and anonymising the source wasn’t a main concern. HeLa cells and the concerns that surrounded them touched on several issues in medicine. One was the issue of using tissue samples without consulting patients, many of whom would freely donate if asked. Changes in how such samples are taken and handled, and in the processes used to collect consent, have improved the use of informed consent in research. Patients submitting biopsies for diagnostic purposes, for example, might be asked if they are willing to donate cells to research (Smith, S. E. ). if a doctor wanted to diagnose, treat, experiment or keep body parts, that’s what he did. Patients never questioned doctors they were trusted implicitly. Consent was conferred by the simple step of showing up in a doctor’s office. Today, we know we need to understand and ask questions, and then our consent is necessary legally. Further, we understand the importance of withholding consent until we feel fully informed about the benefits and consequences of what that consent will mean. There were not conformed consent laws until recently. Informed consent is more than simply getting a patient to sign a written consent form. It is a process on communication between a patient and physician that results in the patients’ authorization or agreement to undergo a specific medical intervention (Informed Consent). Since everyone has different preferences, there will always be differences in the treatment of care among people. This becomes a problem when physicians have a bias against certain races and ethics. As a physician, all treatment options should be discussed and equally available to patients, regardless of their race or ethnicity which results in informed consent on the patients’ behalf. There was a lack of respect, or an inability to communicate, in both directions, between blacks and doctors back in the 1850’s. Skin color, and the problems that can result from low income, lack of education, and illiteracy; the inability to read, and/or understand the English language also contributed to the mistreatment of blacks. Patients overcome those challenges by finding a respectful doctor, or a supporter to help the,. Back when Henrietta lived, that was not easy to fins. Differences in healthcare outcomes can result from the history of different races too. Henrietta was treated with radiation, which left her body burned and blackened. She and her family asked themselves many times whether the treatment was really helping her – but they never considered asking the doctor to do something different, make a different recommendation, or even just to stop. Skloot, Rebecca) today, empowered patients know that they can insert themselves into all decision-making about their own medical care. They can and should discuss any and all protocols to make decisions as part of their own healthcare team. And, empowered patients know that if they want to, they can say, â€Å"No. † In conclusion, informed consent was not needed when Henrietta lived; therefore scientists took her cells without her knowing. A d octor did what HE wanted to do. But today, we now know that consent is legality. Any treatments should be discussed with the patient regardless of their race or their illness. Henrietta was mistreated, her body was burned, but her and her family did not want to question the doctor in fear or being looked down on. But today patients know that they have the right to know exactly what is being done to them, and can ask any questions they feel necessary. If it were not for the doctors and scientists that had taken Henrietta’s cells, we today, would not have the advancements in healthcare that we do. How to cite Henrietta Lacks, Essay examples Henrietta Lacks Free Essays The characters from the book, â€Å"The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks† become attached to objects that are meaningful to them. It is noticed that a certain object had a significant meaning by analyzing the scene and the character. Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Henrietta Lacks or any similar topic only for you Order Now Geys assistant, Mary described Henrietta Lacks red nail polish on her toes. She described Henrietta being an actual woman, something Mary never thought of. Henrietta’s relatives described Henrietta with her red nail polish. The red nail polish was a meaningful object to Henrietta because it completed her. Dr. Gey was attached to Hela cells once he made the incredible observation. He didn’t experiment for money, he genuinely did it for science. He sent the Hela cells for other scientists to experience the cells for themselves. He changed science for his genuine passion for it. Perhaps the most interesting character, Deborah Lacks, was attached to a few things. While Deborah was with Rebecca, she showed her the contents in her purse. She carried everything she had about her mother with her. There were videotapes, documentaries, articles, and a few birthday cards that Deborah bought for her mother, Henrietta. Deborah was attached to these items because that was all she knew about her mother. In a way, that was how she felt connected to Henrietta. A few days later when Rebecca was with Deborah, Rebecca noticed a folder on her pillow. They were Henrietta’s medical folders. Deborah wouldn’t let Rebecca touch her mothers medical folder. Unlike all the other items Deborah let Rebecca see, Henrietta’s medical folder was different. And it clearly had a different, more significant meaning than the other items. How to cite Henrietta Lacks, Essay examples Henrietta Lacks Free Essays The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Introduction The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks is written by Rebecca Skloot, who is an award winning science writer. The story is of a young black women, Henrietta Lacks, who was diagnosed with cancer in 1951, at the John Hopkins Hospital. Cells were taken from her body during her examinations, without her knowledge. We will write a custom essay sample on Henrietta Lacks or any similar topic only for you Order Now They were used to develop the first immortal cell line. Her cells became very important for the development of vaccines. Her family, however, has not received any benefit and still cannot even afford health insurance. They do not even know that the cells belong to Henrietta. This has raised many ethical questions on the research that has been done using Henrietta’s cells. Discussion Henrietta’s life had not been an easy one. Long before she got ill with cancer; her father abandoned her in childhood. She was married at a very early age. At the age of 14; she was a mother. She then moved to the Turner Station with her husband, who was not so faithful to her. At Turner Station, she and her family faced a life of segregation and poverty. Despite all the difficulties that she faced in her life, she still remained an enthusiastic person. She had a spirit that was not able to break. She was described by her friends as a person having a cheerful disposition. She was an also a person who was quick to laugh. She would also go out dancing with her cousin Sadie. The most important and strong side of Henrietta was her motherhood. Her cousin, Sadie also suspected that she delayed seeking medical attention, because she was afraid that it might affect her fertility and prevent her from having more children. She was extremely heart broken when she realized that the surgery has made her infertile. She was angry and sad at the fact that the doctors did not tell her beforehand that what the surgery would do to her. When her condition worsened, the doctors told her husband not to bring her children to visit her. This made her even more heart broken and devastated. She and her family, especially her children, led a very difficult life. Even after her death, her family and her children were not told about the cells of Henrietta being used in research. They were not given nay benefit, whatsoever, of the research on her cells and the huge mounts of money generated from it. The Lacks family is so poor even now that they cannot afford even life insurance. Henrietta’s daughter, Deborah, did not know anything at all about the importance and the use of her mother’s cells. She was devastated to learn about the cells of her mother. She was filled with many questions that nobody was able to answer. She was curious to know that if her mother’s cells were so important and have helped medical science so much. Why were her children not even able to afford health insurance for themselves? Henrietta was a very sociable person. She would have allowed the John Hopkins institute to carry out research on her cells. She was a person who was very close to her family. She would have wanted the John Hopkins Institute to take care of her family and children if they used her cells. She would never have wanted her family to be treated the way they were treated back then and even now. Conclusion Henrietta was a very strong woman. Her contribution to medical science has been exceptional. However, her family should also have been given benefits. How to cite Henrietta Lacks, Essay examples

Internationalizes and Explore New Geographies - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Firms Internationalizes and Explore New Geographies. Answer: Introduction This is the age of competition and customer is the king. With digital marketing and advent of e-commerce, companies are reaching to their customers across globe in no time. When consumers are going global and buying from foreign companies, it also made the firms think that why should they focus on local consumers only and why cant they expand their customer base. All the organizations have ambitious targets continuously and often explores the unchartered territories to fulfill the targets because the growth becomes constant after few years .Also, dependency, be it on anything, is a risk and companies wants to diversify in terms of consumers, suppliers, talent and so on to mitigate their risk which is one of the reason that has given birth to Globalization (Cavusgil, Knight, Riesenberger, Rammal, Rose, 2014). This paper will discuss about the factors that motivated the organization to expand beyond national boundaries. It starts with analyzing the most basic factors and then go on to wards more complex and underlying reasons. Curbing local competitors by taking First mover advantage Introduction of a product in a market where there are no competitors as of now refers to the first mover advantage. Since first mover organizations provides one of its kind products and services to the people, it quickly gains traction from the people and gains the complete market share because there is no competitors. Marketing cost is also less in such countries where no competition exists. Being an early mover will help the organization even when competitors starts entering into the market as consumers will find it difficult to switch between products and also the people will think the first company is the most original and authentic and newer companies are just imitating the model to take advantage of greater market share. Not only this, being a first mover and quickly capture the market will also demotivate the local entrepreneurs to venture into the same field because Global companies are generally cash rich and it is difficult to compete with them unless your offerings are rea lly innovative and provides more value (Sasi, Sperling, Arenius, 2015). Take example of IKEA, IKEA has entered into so many countries and by taking advantage of economies of scale, its super-efficient supply chain, streamlined business processes, it is providing low cost furniture to the people. Local competitors will find it difficult to make furniture at that cost. And thus IKEA remained the leader and curb the local competition. Not only this, There are companies like Airbnb present in US and similar model was copied in Europe by Wimdu before Airbnb enters into European markets. If Airbnb has entered into the European markets in the beginning, it could be possible that Wimdu would have never happened (Cavusgil, Knight, 2015). Risk diversification This is the age of the globalization and collaboration. When companies are seeing that foreign firms are entering into their home markets and threating their existing market share, they are simply questioning status quo an analyzing their prospects of going to foreign countries in search of new markets and customers and reduce their risk by depending on a single market. For instance, there are many economies which are going through the different phases like economic slump, growth, saturated and thus it is a huge risk for an organization to depend on a particular economy (Kim, Mahoney, Tan, 2015). Diversification is the most effective technique for mitigating risk and firms choose to go to international market for diversifying their customer base and mitigating their risk of depending on a limited market. For example, there are numerous US and UK companies that are facing pressures due to slowdown in growth and thus exploring Asian markets which are in developing stage and has tremen dous potential for growth. For example, Hamleys which is a UK based toy retailer chain when sees slowdown in existing markets began to expand to India because incomes are rising in India and with better job opportunities, there is a huge demand prospects for Hamelys product in India (Sunny, Sund, 2014). Operating in multiple markets also helps the organization to better respond to the slowdown in some particular markets because growth markets can offset the slow growth and help the organization to sustain itself in the economies which are facing slowdown or recession. Thus, diversified markets for selling your products is one aspect of risk diversification. Other aspect is having multiple suppliers at different Geographies to mitigate the risk of supply chain disruption. In past, there are several incidences of how the single supplier dependence wreck a havoc for some of the manufacturing companies because their suppliers faced some natural disasters, legal issues and capacity issues and unable to provide the material. Thus, it is always a good practice to have suppliers at multiple locations so that natural disaster at 1 place cannot effect the whole supply chain. Having more suppliers will also increase the bargaining power of the manufacturing company over the suppliers and this is a reason why the firms looking to go global (Hadjikhani, Hadjikhani, thilenius, 2013). Saturation of domestic market/potential of newer markets and competitive pressures In this age of aggressive targets and massive competition, companies always have a target for growth and when the local markets becomes mature, companies have no other option but to explore the unchartered territories to sustain and achieve the targets. In a local market, company can grow for few years but over a period of time, its growth will become constant and company has to look beyond national boundaries. Also, if the newer countries have huge potential for the products, then it is definitely a good opportunity for the company. Companies can also think of going global as first mover or after their local competitors who have already moved to international market. Both the approaches have their own pros and cons (Bianchi, 2014). For instance, first mover advantage will help to penetrate deep into the market and acquire maximum markets but it also carry a risk that if product is not successful, there will be a huge loss. On the other hand, if you move after your competitors, then in such cases, risk will be very less as organization can quickly judge how the consumers are responding to products of their competitors and what is the growth potential. Not only this, first movers often faces huge cost structures initially in order to understand the market, add some localizations before they gain the trust of the customers. Not being a first mover will help the company to enter into the markets without making investments to test the waters as this had already been done by the competitors. Also, sometimes competitors who have already entered into the foreign markets and tasted success in such markets will also bring back the additional earnings and profits back into their country and increase their marketing, campaigning budget and become more aggressive. During such times, reinventing itself , Mergers and Acquisitions or copying competitors by going global are the only few options for the organizations and companies often look for expanding into foreign markets. Consider another similar dimension where some foreign company enters into new country and pose threat to local players. In such cases, local players also explore the home market of the foreign players so that the foreign company can divert its attention in terms of money and effort in its domestic market and not just fully focuses on foreign market. Thus, this is also another important reason why the companies are looking to expand into foreign geographies (Boehe, 2016). Geographic/Strategic advantage Geographical advantage is one of the most important reason of moving to global markets. Some countries especially Developed ones generally have higher cost structures, more strict and regulated labor laws which makes the cost of production quite high in such countries. With increased competition, there is hit on margins and thus organizations pursuit the path of cost cutting to sustain them and moving to foreign and cheap locations is a byproduct of cost cutting. For instance, there are numerous companies like Apple, Dell, Ford, Hitachi that have moved their manufacturing units to China and India so as to take advantage of cheap labor in these countries (Buckley, Munjal, Enderwick, Forsans, 2016). Apart from cheap labor, access to new pool of talent is another reason. For instance, Google, Microsoft and Amazon has moved their development centers partially to India so as to take advantage of huge talent. India is known to have expertise in software development and technology and thus big organizations are moving to newer markets so as to leverage talent in such countries to boost their own capabilities and providing more value to their customers. Some organizations tends to shift their location near their suppliers so as to involve supplier in design discussions as well as to reduce the lead time of the products and reduce inventory. Thus, organizations also explore to newer markets near their supplier base. Also, There have been many cases in the past where the organization is dependent upon a single supplier for their supply and if some calamity happens or supplier unable to supply the material, this can be a disastrous for the company. Thus, organizations tend to globalize themselves to search for the local suppliers also. Also, some organizations force their suppliers to shift to their country. Even some firms have mandate that they will purchase only from those suppliers which are present in their country and which forces supplies to globalize their operations. This way suppliers are forced to develop the competencies globally so as to serve the global manufacturing location of its customers. Also, take another example, a multinational company will look for awarding the contract for its marketing activities to an advertising agency that have global presence so that company approach looks uniform and focused irrespective of the market and focus is not lost. Conclusion This case study discussed about why globalization has become indispensable for the organizations. This age of competition has forced the customer to tap unchartered territories and explore newer markets to sustain their growth. Along with it, there are some few most common reasons which sows the seeds of globalizations in the management of the company and same have been discussed in this paper. References Bianchi, C. (2014). Internationalisation of emerging market firms: an exploratory study of Chilean companies. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 9(1), 54-78. Boehe, D. M. (2016). The internationalization of service firms from emerging economies: An internalization perspective. Long Range Planning, 49(5), 559-569. Buckley, P. J., Munjal, S., Enderwick, P., Forsans, N. (2016). Do foreign resources assist or impede internationalisation? Evidence from internationalisation of Indian multinational enterprises. International Business Review, 25(1), 130-140. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G. (2015). The born global firm: An entrepreneurial and capabilities perspective on early and rapid internationalization. Journal of International Business Studies, 46(1), 3-16. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014). International business. Pearson Australia. Hadjikhani, A., Hadjikhani, A. I., Thilenius, P. (2013). Internationalisation process in turbulent and stable markets: Do firms know that they do not know?. Journal for Global Business Advancement, 6(3), 182-201. Kim, M., Mahoney, J. T., Tan, D. (2015). Re-conceptualising exploitative and explorative FDI: a balancing-process approach to firm internationalisation. European Journal of International Management, 9(5), 537-565. Sasi, V., Sperling, G., Arenius, P. (2015, January). RAPID INTERNATIONALIZATION of BORN GLOBAL FIRMS-do LOCAL NETWORKS have an IMPACT. In ICSB World Conference Proceedings (p. 1). International Council for Small business (ICSB). Sunny, K. P., Sund, R. (2014). Productivity Competitiveness of Indian Toy Industry: Prospects Challenges. Productivity, 55(1), 120.