Case: 7-Eleven Japan Co. Essay

Question 1: A convenience store chain attempts to be responsive and provide customers what they need, when they need it, where they need it. What are some different ways that a convenience store supply chain can be responsive? What are some risks in each case? A convenience store can be more responsive by doing exactly what Seven-Eleven Japan is doing; many locations, rapid replenishment, appropriate technology deployment, and an equally responsive supplier (vertical integration for many of their SKUs). The risks associated with this system are the costs coupled with demand uncertainty. If demand patterns change dramatically, or the customer base changes, then Seven-Eleven is left with an operation that is not needed. Offering variety of services in the case of this case study Seven Eleven offered attractive services to customers such as ski lift voucher pass, payment of mail order purchases, internet shopping, a meal service delivery, automatic teller machines installation in each store, pick up online services, electronic money service that allow customers to prepay and use a card or cell phone to make payments etc. on the other hand, a short coming might result due to the failure of one or more information system due to failure or break down. Question 2: Seven-Eleven’s supply chain strategy in Japan can be described as attempting to micro-match supply and demand using rapid replenishment. What are some risks associated with this choice? Question 3: What has 7-Eleven done in its choice of facility location, inventory management, transportation, and information infrastructure to develop capabilities that support its supply chain strategy in Japan? Information infrastructure: 7-Eleven implemented a Total Information System through which the company could efficiently share its information thus making its supply chain responsive. The system was installed within each store, headquarters, suppliers and vendors. And also the system linked all the stores with each other. The Total Information System comprises of POS registers, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), Graphic order terminal, scanner terminal and store computers. The data related to the sales as well as the purchaser is collected through the POS register for analysis. For efficient management of the inventory, the graphic order terminal, scanner terminal and store computers are used thus assists in improving both the efficiency and responsiveness. Inventory management: The store owner or the manager makes use of the graphic order terminal to place orders so as to replenish inventory in order of their arrangement on the store shelf. The owner had access to analysis of waste, 10 day and 10 week sales trends SKU, sales trends of new products, sales analysis by day and time etc that help him in forecasting demand. On the other hand, the Scanner terminal receives products from a distribution center and therefore monitors inventory by checking whether the order received matches with the original order placed. The store computer helps in tracking store inventory. Transportation: Trucks are used to transport goods to the stores. 7-Eleven makes use of a flexible distribution system which means that it can alter the delivery schedules according to the varying customer demand. Also, the suppliers send orders via trucks to the distribution centers. The latter cross docks inventory from supplier truck to distribution trucks. Moreover, to maintain the quality of the products, the distribution trucks are temperature controlled of four categories for different types of products such as frozen/ chilled foods, processed foods etc. Facility location: The facility location of 7-Eleven comprises of two types namely, the distribution centers and retail stores. 7-Eleven follows a market or area dominance strategy through which it forms clusters of stores in the area where already a 7- eleven store exists rather than having a handful of stores dispersed over a wide geographical area. Among the clusters there’s a distribution center which is surrounded by 7-Eleven stores. Approximately, there are 50-60 stores in each cluster. Question 4: 7-Eleven does not allow direct store delivery in Japan but has all products flow through its distribution center. What benefit does 7-Eleven derive from this policy? When is direct store delivery more appropriate? 7-Eleven has the policy of delivering its products to the retail stores via the distribution centers. Through these distribution centers, the replenishment cycles are reduced and a proper sales record can be maintained and monitored. Through the Point of Sale registers, signals can be transmitted to both the distribution centre and the supplier hence orders can be organized accordingly. Also, orders are sent directly to the distribution centre so that they can be allotted to the appropriate vehicle. A combined delivery system is used by 7- Eleven, in which four groups of temperature-controlled trucks are used to send fresh products. The trucks are sent several times a day during peak hours in order to avoid delays. Also, confidence is maintained between the supply chain partners and an additional person is not needed while the load is being received and checked. The process reduces delivery time. However this system might require a number of daily deliveries, but the number of trucks needed is much lesser therefore it reduces the delivery cost and facilitates a more prompt fresh food delivery. And hence the stock is continuously replenished. This network process ensures flexibility in the sense that it can alter the delivery schedules due to any demand fluctuations. There is a twelve-hour limit upon the restocking of food items. The disadvantages however include that the retail stores will have little control when the restocking takes place. Also, a number of stores rely on just one combined distribution centre. Also, if the system goes down while the delivery is at CDC, then all the stores can be affected and timely deliveries might not be possible. Hence accurate forecasts are needed. Direct delivery system might be a useful technique as the stores follow variant patterns. If the demand increases and a store require a greater number of deliveries then the demand can be met more efficiently as the deliveries can be made directly to the stores. Question 5: What do you think about the 7dream concept for 7-Eleven Japan? From a supply chain perspective, is it likely to be more successful in Japan or the United States? Why? In February 2000, 7-Eleven established 7dream.com, an ecommerce company, the goal of which was to exploit the existing distribution system and the fact that stores were easily accessible to most Japanese Stores served as drop-off and collection points for the customers and proved successful as 92% of their customers preferred to just pick up their goods from the local convenience store which they ordered online rather than have them delivered to their homes. This was understandable given the frequency with which Japanese customers visit their local convenience store. 7dream hoped to build on this preference along with the synergies from the existing distribution system as the company required an effective and efficient supply chain to cater to the demand of the customers who ordered online and provide the company with a time frame for delivery. From a supply chain perspective, it is believed that the 7dream concept is likely to be more successful in Japan than in the United States. The reason for saying so is that, the Japanese market is much smaller as compared to that of United State. In 2008, there were 12,071 stores in Japan where as the stores were nearly half the number in U.S that is 6,262. The density of stores in Japan was hence greater as the area of Japan is much smaller as compared to that of the U.S. and therefore, in Japan the company had a greater customer reach as 7–Eleven stores are easily accessible throughout Japan. The ecommerce company itself could probably be a greater success in U.S. however; it would be a better idea if the orders are directly sent home rather than have them delivered to the nearest 7-Eleven store. In this way, the company can tap in to a bigger market that is the U.S. market but get the goods delivered to the customer’s doorstep would be a better idea. Also, the stores in the U.S. were replenished using direct store delivery (DSD) by some manufacturers, with the remaining products delivered by wholesalers. DSD accounted for about half the total volume, with the rest coming from the wholesalers. This meant that direct delivery is a more popular concept in the U.S. Keeping into consideration the current strategy of the 7dream concept, it is more likely to be successful in Japan than in the United States. However, if the strategy is molded according to the U.S. market, it can become a greater success. Question 6: 7-Eleven is attempting to duplicate the supply chain structure that has succeeded in Japan in the United States with the introduction of CDC’s. What are the pros and cons of this approach? Keep in mind that stores are also replenished by wholesalers and DSD by manufacturers. After 7 Eleven acquired Southland Corporation they tried to improve their operations in America. The main improvement was an introduction of a new component in the supply chain completely novel to the US market. This component, the Combined Distribution Centers (CDCs), was however used in Japan at that time. Initially the stores in US used the Direct Store Delivery (DSD) in which stores were replenished by manufacturers accounting for half of the goods volume and the rest half was done by whole sellers. CDC delivered perishable products like bread, sandwiches and the rest of the bakery products. Pros Using CDC all perishable -food items would be delivered by a single distributor which would increase overall efficiency. Having fresh-food items at 7-Eleven convenience stores helped in users getting variety of fresh food from convenient locations. Uncertainty of delivery times was minimized by systematic delivery system. The inventory costs were low as fresh food items cannot be inventoried. With daily replenishment of fresh-food items, the stock would be fresh and it reduced consumer concerns of stale items to a large extent. Centralization gave a greater control to the management and more processes were now under the supervision of the company hence improving efficiency. Cons There could have been a difference in quality delivered through CDC and DSD. DSD was a tested system so company might be unwilling to shift to the new system as there is always a reluctance to change. In US stores fresh products may not sell very well. Training would be required for all the supply chain members as the new system tends to be more time sensitive. Manufacturers might not be willing to go with the idea of CDC’s as they might lose on their relative dollar revenues and with the loss in revenues they might also reduce control. As the new system would be very time specific, the supply chain might not be very responsive and if updates are required the company might lose on its sales. Question 7: The United States has food service distributors that also replenish convenience stores. What are the pros and cons to having a distributor replenish convenience stores versus a company like 7-Eleven managing its own distribution function? With the outsourcing decision in mind an organization always tries to outsource activities that lie beyond their core competencies and their scarce resources are wasted in performing tasks that they are not specialized at. With outsourcing the organization tries to focus on activities that they can do best. The advantage is that managing the distribution is the sole headache of the distributor and with his specialized expertise it might be more cost effective. However outsourcing does have its repercussions as well. The control over the quality of items and the replenishment time might not be as effective as doing the distribution yourself. With the outsourcing of distribution the communication gap can affect the replenishment distribution. However taking the advancements in communication and technology this statement may be rendered void. Convenience stores are successfully communicating with their distributors and make uninterrupted storage of data and information transmission from 3PL WMS to internal systems for real-time visibility of stock in hand and customer service. Moreover outsourcing decisions affect both the efficiency and responsiveness of the supply chain. A retail store can achieve improved efficiency by having a distributor replenish its stock, but he does not put his heart and effect they can have on their long term aims.

The Fall Of Rome

The Book is written by Bryan Ward-Perkins, with the title The Fall Of Rome: And the End of Civilization and printed by Oxford University Pres in 2005. John Bryan Ward-Perkins was born in 1912 in UK. He was a British historian and archeologist and director of British School at Rome. During WWII he served in military, during which he gained the knowledge of Tripolitania and Roman ruins which led him to take interest in history.In 1946 he accepted the position of Director at British school at Rome and stayed on this position till 1974. â€Å"The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization†, addresses the general perception of modern historians about the benign change from Roman Empire to Christianity. The author corrects this thinking through archaeological evidence. He mentions that it was the coming of German tribes and their long term effects that led to the dissolution of Roman Empire.The main argument which I find different from the normal text books is the telling of story of fall of empire from the other side. For example, he mentions that the transition of Roman Empire was neither nor peaceful; instead it was Germanic tribes (Vandals, Visigoth) etc who crossed the river Rhine in 5th BC and took whatever they wanted by force rather than through treaties or negotiations. He argues that one of the main reasons for collapse of Roman Empire was decline of Roman economy through many centuries.He provides a reality check to modern readers shocking them with the truth about a Rome that was caught in economic collapse, rebellions from barbarians and rise of new orthodoxy; all of which became the reasons Rome collapse. The book provides interesting insight into the fall of Roman Empire from a different view compared to popular thinking in schools and text books. I believe this book is essential for any history student to look at a great event of history from a different perspective. Reference: Bryan Ward-Perkins,The Fall Of Rome: And the End of Civilization. Oxf ord University Pres,2005.

World Civilization I Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

World Civilization I - Coursework Example The success of his law codification can be estimated from the fact that several nearby civilizations created similar codes of law including the Laws of Eshnunna and the Hittite code of laws. Neolithic agricultural economy reveals increasing intent and ability of humans to manipulate the natural world to their advantage in a variety of ways. During the early 7th millennium BC, the Aegean area saw a transition from the practice of food-gathering to the practice of organized food production as humans started domesticating animals and plants rather than hunting wild animals and gathering wild fruit. Humans used natural resources to make innovative things to serve their needs and interests. The rise of the city led to a more hierarchical society in early Mesopotamia because such a structure is a prerequisite for the establishment of an organized and structured system of law codification and implementation. In such a hierarchical structure, the King and his family were placed at the top; in the middle were the traders and workers; and at the lowest level were the

United States of America cycling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

United States of America cycling - Essay Example The American cyclist team has been in existence for almost a hundred years. Set up in 1920, the initial group was to represent the country in the then Olympics.The group has grown to become a national cycling organization mandated with the talent identification and nurturing.Currently the group has a national outlook often soliciting for talented cyclists all over the country and providing them with the best apparatus thereby creating an enabling environment within which they develop their talents in cycling. To succeed in doing this, the group has scouts strewn all over the country searching for the talents and recruiting them into the group. The group capitalizes on the positive attributes of cycling as a sport to generate revenue with which it seeks to develop further and achieve some of its long-term goals. Just like any other, the organization therefore creates social events characterized by cycling competitions as a means of entertaining the society. Such events attract million s of visitors thereby earning the country foreign exchange. Cycling is a sport and a hobby to many within the American society; some people also use the sport a form of exercise. The country therefore has many untapped talents most of which exist idly especially among those who take the sports either as a hobby or an exercise tool. The organization therefore identifies such people and recruit them into the organization from where they do not only become a social group but a league within which they compete for titles and awards. Such competitions bring people together thereby resulting in a more cohesive society. The organization reserves a number of benefits to their recruits in an attempt to making them appreciate the sports and therefore nature their talents. Among the benefits are medical cover, given the understanding that the sport is precarious enough, the organization in partnership with some medical institution arranges for the participants to access subsidized medical pack ages for their insurance policies. This gives the athletes the peace of mind thereby coercing their intense participation in the sport. Additionally, the organization organizes numerous cycling events most of which it does in collaboration with other international groups. Such social events are effective platforms for exposing their talents thereby creating more opportunities for such people. The organization is actively involved in community oriented and therefore purchases and develops property thereby contributing to the national developments of not only the United States of America but also other international countries where its athletes take part in competition (Heijmans and Bill 23). The international cycling union is a profit generating organization and relies on the creativity of its activities to generate the funds for its operations and management. This implies that the organization must carry out effective SWOT analysis in order to make informed management decisions thro ugh which it earns revenues. SWOT analysis is a management tool that researches on the internal structures of the organization and the ability of such structures to earn the organization adequate profits. Additionally, the tool analyses the manner in which the external factors affect the operations of the business. The first two factors of the SWOT analysis are Strengths and weaknesses. The factors are internal implying that the organization can easily manipulate the factors to realize the desired results. The last two factors, which are opportunities and the threats to the business all, originate from the market. The organization cannot easily influence such but its reaction to the factors influences its profitability. Situational analysis-Strengths: The union has numerous strengths, which if managed effectively can secure increased funding for the union. One such strength is its national outlook. Began by the first group that represented the country in the Olympics, the union has a history of presenting a national outlook of the country. This implies that

Letter reference former prof Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Letter reference former prof - Essay Example I believe it will be worth mentioning her unique teaching style that really brought out the best in us, her students. She is a teacher in every sense of the word because she was able to make her students understand the toughest concepts about Molecular Biology almost effortlessly. Her teaching approach is very supportive that made us very comfortable in her class. She always has this unusual calmness and patience that even if we mess up with our experiments, she does not lose her temper. She was always there to guide us and to discover by ourselves certain problems that really made us understand the subject. She was very patient and never made her student feel inadequate whenever we ask questions. She explained it to us very clearly to the point that she made molecular biology very easy even if many students find it difficult. I can remember that I always looked forward attending to her class because I find it stimulating in the atmosphere of support and encouragement which makes Pro fessor X’s class unique. Professor X’s love for knowledge is contagious. Her enthusiasm about the subject matter rubbed on us that made everybody look forward for the next class. Her method of teaching does not only elucidate, but also encourage the students to excel thus encouraging her students to be the best that they can be. Professor X is also an authority on the subject she teaches but despite of her academic stature, she is very generous to accommodate students in her research that allows us to grow in ways that classroom experiences cannot provide. After graduation, she let me work for her as a Research Assistant for two academic years which provided me invaluable learning insight about the practical aspect of Molecular Biology. Professor X does not only encourage us to learn about theoretical concepts but also the experimental aspects of Molecular Biology and its application to the

Classic Airlines marketing Solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Classic Airlines marketing Solution - Essay Example As per the case study, the firm is losing its profitability and faring really poorly against its competitors. Customer retention rate is poor and the service is very inadequate. Root Cause Analysis Model The Root Cause Analysis (RCA) model is used in internal audits and other problem detection fields. It is â€Å"a research-based approach to identify the bottom-line reason of a problem with root cause representing the problem† (Mainardi, 2011: p180). It involves a structured investigation into a given problem to ascertain the true and real cause of a given problem (Anderson et al, 2009). This is done to ensure the continuous improvement in the quality and systems of a given organization. Root Cause Analysis is a practical transition from the apparent cause analysis to the examination and critique of the root cause of a given problem. This involves the identification of the actual causes in order to find the intermediate causes and from there, detect the root causes (Lorenzo an d Hanson, 2008). Issues in Classic Airline's Marketing Unit From the case study, some apparent causes and issues are identifiable in Classic Airline's marketing unit. In order to identify it and critique it better, it will be worthwhile to identify the apparent issues, the intermediate issues in order to identify the root cause. A. ... The deregulation of the markets and the integration of small carriers and other overseas investors has led to price wars and other competitive restructuring. Classic Airline's extremely low margins give a strong indication that the airline is really losing out in the competition presented by the other airline companies in the industry. Market Share Issues The failure to compete on the markets have led to a sharp fall in the market share that Classic Airline controls. There customer retention of the company has been weakened by the competition posed by other companies. This is because their current reward program has lost as much as 19% of its members, which has culminated in the reducing the flights of the company by as much as 21%. B. Intermediate Issues Areas of Interest: Marketing Alliances & Restructuring of Marketing It has become almost apparent that the firm needs to restructure its marketing units, the marketing structures and the marketing alliance programs. This is meant to correct the wrongs in the company and also retain some degree of stability. This has created two issues which also needs to be examined and resolved from the root-cause approach. Cost Structure Issues The quick and aggressive growth of the firm has been identified as a major cause of issues with the company. The reduction of the cost budget by a whopping 21.5% and the reduction of budgets in other departments is one of the apparent issues. It will therefore be worthwhile to identify the impact of this reduction and the best way of soothing its effects and correcting its issues. This include amongst other things, infighting amongst the executive managers, and the reduction in important units

Corporate strategy of pirelli Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corporate strategy of pirelli - Essay Example It is a pioneer in the field of rubber related industries. It has perused expansions in tire and telecom industry both vertically and horizontally. Pirelli generated tremendous employment opportunities ever since its inception. Even in 1872 it employed close to one thousand people, an indication of the economic contributions, since their inception. Pirelli’s growth ensured economic prosperity not only in Italy but also in other parts of the World. Pirelli expanded its business and spread prosperity by increasing the GDP of the nation’s it operates. Developed nations were more than interested to avail the services of Pirelli as it would bring economic prosperity to their nations. When an organization wants to expand, it can pursue growth strategies. Some of the growth strategies are a) Expansion through integration b) Expansion through diversification c) Expansion through cooperation. Pirelli’s expansion plans consisted of all the above mentioned options. Integration basically means combining activities on the basis of the value chain related to the present activity of the company. From rubber sheets, belts, slabs, and vulcanized products initially to making of two wheeler and four wheeler tires is an example of their vertical forward integration. Pirelli was also seen making rapid progress in its horizontal integration. Pirelli was a pioneer in diversification of its businesses. In fact, integrating in the lines of the existing business it self is an act of concentric diversification. Apart from that Pirelli started growing geographically at a rapid, yet in a systematic manner. Pirelli’s internationalization started from the beginning of 1900 onwards. Its expansion to Barcelona in Spain was followed by a similar venture in Britain in 1914, and by 1920 factories had also been set up in Brazil, Greece, Argentina, Turkey, and German is a fact of Pirelli’s clinical approach towards internationalization of their businesses. Initiatives were also made

Critical review of paper Literature Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical of paper - Literature review Example In the study of Attitudes Towards Transferable Skills in Medical Undergraduates, there is an understanding of how the attitudes and perspectives of medical students are built. The concept applied with this study was to define whether medical undergraduate students believed that transferable skills were important in obtaining their education and degree. The attitudes which were revealed were expected to be used as a challenge to educators to decide whether there needed to be a change with the curriculum and learning styles that are offered in medical schools as well as how this continues to affect the results of students. The subjects of this study included first year students that were enrolled in traditional style courses in graduate school. There was a division in gender as well, specifically to decipher any distinct differences between demographic groups. The questions which were asked included how important the undergraduate students believed transferable skills were. This was followed by questions about one’s own ability with transferable skills as well as the influences of their first year courses in creating more skills to prepare for the me dical profession (Whittle, Eaton, 2001). The analysis of the specific subjects led to the same attitude among almost all first year students. Each believed that transferable skills were important in moving into the right career field and achieving the needed goals as medial students. It was also noted that all of the participants believed that organizational skills and self – learning skills were the most important in building the correct transferable skills for the profession. Most of the students had a high level of confidence in their own skills with male students having a significantly higher amount of confidence than women. It was also noted that male students had more confidence in terms of self – learning, technical skills and the ability to handle

What are the motivations for migrationTo what extent has it become a Coursework

What are the motivations for migrationTo what extent has it become a social and economic issue - Coursework Example Migration simply refers to moving from one’s permanent residence or locality to some other area or region for permanent or long-term basis in order to lead a settled life in the new region and for establishing one’s socioeconomic activities as well. Hence, migration is viewed to be permanent change in residence. Migration involves the detachment from the organisation of activities at one place and the movement of the total round of activities to another. The contemporary age is vehemently declared as the age of technological revolution that has introduced rapid alterations in all aspects of everyday human life. These technological changes have also turned travelling very fast, swift and easier one; as a result, people proceed to pole-apart countries and states of the world in the pursuit of obtaining higher education, medical treatment, and business and job prospects. Since advanced and prosperous countries contain all these facilities to a great extent, these areas ser ve as dreamland for the inhabitants of backward zones of the globe. Consequently, an overwhelming proportion of the migration is generally made from the third world to the advanced countries including the USA, Canada, Europe and Australia. History of Migration: Although it is a reality beyond suspicion that migration has witnessed significant boost during the contemporary era because of scientific advancements and inventions, yet it cannot not be viewed as the product of modern age. On the contrary, human history is replete with countless examples of people’s individual and collective moving from one place to the other on permanent foundations. The Prophets also migrated from their native land to some other in order to avoid their persecution at the hands of infidels. The Latin Americans and American islanders proceeded to North America for their financial uplift. The Armenian Christians also migrated from Turkey to the eastern European states before and during WWI to evade t he Turkish cruelties. In addition, the Jews also left their homes and workplaces in the Nazi Germany as they had been being persecuted under Adolf Hitler. Furthermore, hundreds of thousands of Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs migrated from one part of former united India to the other to join their community at the eve of the partition of India held in August 1947. Partition of India put the lives of conflicting sects at stake, and Hindus and Muslims flew to newly established states of India and Pakistan respectively, during the course of which hundreds of them lost their lives, while girls and women were raped and molested.† (1999, p.651) Major Reasons behind getting migrated: Religious reasons: It has aptly been observed that the individuals belonging to all parts and regions of the globe at large have got involved into migration; several reasons have played their role in forcing humans to leave their permanent dwelling for good. Religious factors play dominant role in the migration process. Thus, it was actually religious belief that forced the holy personalities including Abraham, Jacob, Moses, Mary, Jesus, Muhammad (peace be upon them all) to leave their native lands forever and settle down to some peaceful and more favourable place. In addition, saints, pious men and even followers of some specific faith had migrated from their homes in order to save their life, honour and assets. Ethno-Racial Factors: Race and ethnicity of the people is also among the major factors behind migration. Several states of the USA display least tolerance for the black, white and other races, which force the people move to some place where their racial group is in majority. Colonial era also displays the examples of migration, when the Jews migrated from Russia during nineteenth and twentieth centuries from Europe to America and Asia. The Africans got involved into forced and involuntary migration during the Europeans’ scramble for Africa. The White Anglo Saxon Population (WASP) vehemently discourages the

Is human genome editing inevitable Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is human genome editing inevitable - Essay Example However, there have been worldwide debates regarding the ethical and legal aspects of human genome editing. So, this discussion is about the new molecular technique of CRISPRs, analyzing its present hype, benefits, and risks behind it. Moreover, the discussion traces critical perspectives of human genome editing and possibilities of this inevitable science in future. The analysis also justifies the ethical process and critically examines opinions of others on these emotive issues. In the past few decades, genome editing methods have been successfully experimented on animals and in the field of agriculture. In that direction, recent advancements have increased the possibilities of experimentation with human genomes. However, the inefficiency of the previous methods and lack of specificity raises doubts, with many sections terming it as inappropriate and unsafe for humans. Of late, the latest weapon added to the armory of human genome editing is a technique called Crispr-Cas9. The main reason for this technique to receive universal acclaim is that, unlike the previous methods, it is possible for scientists to insert, modify, or delete DNA with unprecedented precision, increased efficiency, specificity, and more flexibility. Because of this precision and efficiency, human body achieves optimal strength to impede attacks of microorganisms. â€Å"The method, known by the acronym Crispr-Cas9, co-opts the natural immune system with which bacteria remember the DNA of the viruses that attacks them so they are ready the next time those same invaders appear†.

Impacts on Social Media Essay Example for Free

Impacts on Social Media Essay As we begin to discuss social media and is impact on mass communications as a whole, we must first define what it is and how it came to be. The Dynamics of Mass Communications defines social media as a set of Internet tools that encourages content sharing and community relationships. Users are able to create online communities by exchanging, distributing and receiving content information. Social media has rapidly integrated itself into our personal and professional lives over the past decade or so. Information is more available to the public today because of social media. The history of social media started with the BBS (Bulletin Board System) in the late 70’s. Most BBSs were involved in illegal or other shady practices like adult content, virus codes, and instructions on hacking and phone hacking, but BBSs were the first type of sites that allowed users to log on to it and interact with one another. This interaction was a lot slower than what individuals are used to in today’s society. Genie was created by a General Electric subsidiary (GEIS) in 1985 and was an early online service. It was a text-based service, and was considered the first viable commercial competition to CompuServe. This specific service was created to make use of time-sharing mainframes after normal US. business hours. Not too long after, America Online (AOL) started as an online service and made great strides with making the Internet more universally accessible within the United States. In 1988, IRC (Internet Relay Chat) was developed and used for file and link sharing and even keeping in touch with others. Readers could classify it as the father of instant messages as we know it today, though it was limiting access to most people. Touching the topic of early social networks, dating sites are sometimes considered the first social networks. Dating sites began to crop up just as soon as people began to get online with the Internet. These sites allowed users to create profiles with a photo and contact other people. Let’s not forget about Classmates.com, but dating sites and Classmates.com rarely  allowed you to keep a friends list and profiles appeared to be severely limited. The actual social networks like Six Degrees and LiveJournal were a tad bit more advanced than what dating sites had to offer. Six Degrees allowed users to create a basically-static profile while LiveJournal was created in 1999 and was a social network built around blogs that were constantly updated that encouraged other users to follow one another and form groups to interact. It wasn’t soon after that social interaction had found its way to online games. World of Warcraft is one the most famous for allowing players to interact both in the game would and on related forum and community sites. Massively multiplayer online role-playing games became popular in the early 2000’s though there were indeed other role-playing and other games prior to that. Additionally, the early 2000’s brought more advanced social networks and social media to the playing field. Some examples that most people are familiar with would be Friendster (2002), YouTube (2005), MySpace (2006), Facebook (2004), Tumblr (2006), Twitter (2006), and Instagram (2010). All these networks took a toll on millions and billions of people around the globe. People are more connected and up to date because of them. Social Media as a whole has brought a lot of positive effects to the world as we know it today. Social Networks started as a place to connect with your friends in an easy, convenient, and free from charge way. Social networks play an important role with social media. It has allowed individuals to connect with old friends from school, co-workers, and even with complete strangers. It has also provided us with the opportunity to build back a lost relationship or even better relationships with whom that are unable to meet us personally, and involve them with our lives and even take input into their personal lives with specific events that are happening with us. We are now able to communicate our thoughts and perceptions over different topics with a large number of audiences. Our voices are heard louder than ever with the help of social media and social networks. For example, with the Trayvon Martin case, people used social media to conduct marches and protests. On social networks, like Instagram, users blocked out their profile picture to show their involvement for wanting justice for that specific case. We have the option to make groups with people who are like minded and share the  related news with them and ask for their opinion or input about the topic. Far as businesses, they are using social media and social networks to promote their own products and there are a number of customized applications that are being made on social platforms, whose main and only purpose is to promote the product or brand given to them. The negative effects of social media seem to be quite questionable. Studies have shown that the extensive use of social media can quite frankly cause addition to the users. Throughout the day, people tend to feel the need to post something on their pages and check other posts as it has become an important part of everyday life. Extreme usage of social media had resulted in isolation of the individual. The level of human interaction has decreased tremendously and people appear to be less active. Individuals would rather check their smart-phones or tablets than actually picking up a book or a newspaper per say. Interpersonal communication has reduced and there aren’t many face to face communications and meetings being held because many people have lost their full ability to converse while being in the same room. Social Media is also affecting the productivity of people. Users are more distracted. Again, I must state that people are so caught up in texting, blogging, updating a status, and posting any and everything that it to the point where they cannot get specific things done. A prime example would be texting while driving or being on a social network while attempting to write a research paper or even complete homework. According to media bistro, the average person spent three hours and seven minutes online each day in 2012. It appears as online media becomes more popular; other media sources become less popular. People are not reading magazines, newspapers, listening to the radio, or watching television as much as they used to. As the popularity of social networks and online video increases, so does our time online. YouTube has more than one billion users that visit their website each month. Seventy two hours of video are uploaded to YouTube every minute. The list just goes on and this also goes for Facebook, Twitter, Netflix, Pinterest, Hulu, and Instagram. It seems nowadays that there are social and user-generated sites for just about every activity you can possibly imagine. There are social shopping sites and social financial planning sites. There are even sites to share goals and meet like-minded people. Sites to plan your travels and share them with others. There are so many apps and sites that accommodate the average person for me to say that social media has indeed made life better for people. Social media has become a huge part of millions of lives worldwide. On the other hand, social media has made everyday life harder or horrific for everyday people. Because social media has grown in popularity and mainstream, it can be used by stalkers to track their victims or even find new ones. Social networks make these privacy settings available to users to help prevent stalkers and predators from being able to see their update. In addition to stalkers, we must also consider cyber-bulling. Cyber-bulling has increased over the years and has affected a lot of social network users. These things can make it harder on individuals. One final thing that needs to be discussed is the fact that the people who have degrees to be covering the news face their job being at risk. News stations and news broadcasts are now up with competition against social media and social networks. This is because people use their mobile devices to obtain the news now a days. This is because it is more convenient to access things from your phone than to take time out to turn on the television or go buy a newspaper. This could make everyday life harder for them if they lose their job. Social media has come a long way since the days of BBSs and IRC charts and social media continues to evolve on a daily basis. With major social networks and social media sites making changes and improvements, it’s sure to keep evolving in the coming years. While in many ways social media has allowed us to share everything from the simplest to most sacred events of our lives with more people in real time, it has also taken away from the action of â€Å"living in the moment.† The one thing we can all conclude is that social media is not just a phase, and it most definitely won’t be going away anytime soon or at least until something better comes along. WORS CITED http://www.relevantmagazine.com/life/whole-life/how-social-media-made-me-better-person http://www.digitaltrends.com/features/the-history-of-social-networking/ View as multi-pages

Economic globalization Essay Example for Free

Economic globalization Essay Economic globalization has changed the concept of crime and justice from being unique to one area to now knowing no boundaries. Terrorism is the most recent issue brought before the world and knows no boundaries. Is terrorism a crime that screams for justice? Or a declaration of war? If we use traditional meanings we cannot use the term war because war is started by a state and the terrorist acts of today are by small groups with fundamental ideas. The United States has declared war on terror calling for justice after 911. The world was outraged and shocked. The terrorist attacks were intended to destroy the foundation of western society. The events did not change the world order, but did change the world none the less. Technology that has helped business to go global also enhanced criminal networks to go global also. Global crime begs for global justice. The increase in global crime needs a global response. There has been progress towards global law such as the international criminal tribune that began in the 1990’s for Rwanda and The International Criminal Courts, ICC, created in 1998 in Yugoslavia. These organizations created treaties that were recommended for use by the European Parliament (Delmar-Marty, 287). But the reluctance of the United States to acknowledge a need for global justice has prevented the concept from developing to its fullest potential. How the U. S. defines terrorism conflicts with international interpretation and this fact won’t help to end global crime. International criminal law, on the other hand, would help in global crime. The creation of these global courts would â€Å"guarantee the independence and impartiality of judges, for it recognizes that they represent different legal traditions, including that of Muslim states† (Delmar-Marty, 291). The concept of crime or what is deemed a crime varies from culture to culture, so that fact alone calls for an international court that can accomplish more than relying on each countries law for justice. In the article â€Å"Global Crime Calls for Global Justice†, the author suggests instead of using the word terrorism to decide criminality the term â€Å"crime against humanity† should be used. Giving recognition of universal values that would ensure not only protection of human rights but also dignity of human beings around the globe (2002, 292). So when looking at 911 one should consider it a terrorist act, but instead as a crime against humanity. The global war on terrorism is constricting the flow of financial support to terror groups through Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil. To circumvent these measures, transnational terrorist organizations are moving deeper into organized criminal activity. This transition poses a tremendous challenge to states struggling with a threat that has changed significantly since September 11. As terror groups transform into hybrid criminal/terror entities and partner with criminal syndicates, the threat to the United States increasing every day. Over the past few years and increasingly in recent months, leading intelligence and national security minds have noted the growing threat created by the transformation and convergence of transnational organized crime and terrorist groups. While there is some debate as to whether these groups are converging or transforming, it is clear that this growing threat is complex and increasingly difficult to counter with standard law enforcement and military counter-measures. As the United States and other nations adjust to the post 911 world of stubborn problems such as the Iraqi insurgency, Afghanistan, and Al Qaeda, the nexus of organized crime and terrorism, especially between the tri-borders of Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil could prolong these challenges and lead to further disruptions and threats to global security and prosperity. Impediments to wholesale cooperation between the two parties remain, but the merging of transnational organized crime and international terrorism in these countries is nonetheless on the rise (Sanderson, 2007). Global economics has truly been the core of crime that is called terrorism. There has been a connection to terrorism and money from oil. In an article by D. Ekman Kaplin he suggests billions of dollars in oil money goes to fund global terror and their networks. The article in U. S. News and World Report showed that I the 1980’s Saudi Arabia’s somewhat official charities became the primary source of funding for the jihad movement that spanned some 20 countries. The money was used to run paramilitary training camps, buy weapons and recruit new members. The charities the Saudi’s had started was in hopes of spreading their fundamentalists ideas globally. The money that was raised went to build hundreds of radical mosques, schools and Islamic centers that supported networks for the jihad movement. This is despite the fact that the United States had knowledge of this since 1996. The U. S. felt that foreign terrorism outweighed fighting terrorism at that time. In 1998, when terrorist struck two U. S. Embassies in East Africa officials in the White House felt a better picture of just how much money and where this money was coming from was needed. This was where the connection was found and it was shocking. The White House enlisted the help of the CIA to answer questions into the funding of Al Qaeda and of the leaders, Osama Bin Laden’s personal finances. Most of the money Al Qaeda had was a direct source of fundraising by Saudi Arabia. An ally to America and the world’s largest producers of oil. Many believed and probably still do today, that Osama Bin Laden’s personal fortune and businesses in Sudan was the source of this funding. William Wechsler, director of the task force NSC (responsible for the investigation), stated that, â€Å"Al Qaeda was a constant fundraising machine† (Kaplan, 18). U. S. officials did not confront the Saudi’s about this fact until after Sept 11, 2001. In 25 years the Saudi’s have been â€Å"the single greatest force in spreading Islamic Fundamentalism. † (20). The Saudi’s unregulated charities have funneled hundreds of millions of dollars to Al Qaeda cells and jihad groups globally. U. S. Ambassadors, CIA station Chiefs and Cabinet secretaries were encouraged by Saudi’s using billions of dollars in contracts, grants and salaries, to turn a blind eye. When Washington refused to confront the Saudi’s on their part of the terrorist’s network. This was the failure point in sounding the alarm of the rising of the jihad movements globally and of the events of 911. The Saudi’s argued that their charities have done an enormous amount of good work and blames the problems on what they call â€Å"renegade offices† (22). Foreign advisor to the crown prince of Saudi Arabia promises that steps are being taken that will ensure that it never happens again. The fear is that some of the Saudi’s charities played more of a role in terrorist activities. These charities helped to make the more primitive jihadists and insurgents into a more sophisticated global movement. It seems that individuals that were spreading the Wahhabist doctrine, a doctrine held by the Saudi royal family, turned out to be the most radical of the believers in the holly wars. They poured huge sums of money into the newly formed Al Qaeda network. According to a 2002 report Al Qaeda and others jihadists received $300 million and $500 million from Saudi Charities and private donors (Kaplan, 2003). To fund the mujahideen in Afghanistan. Washington and Riyadh helped with some $3. billion to aid in the fight with soviets. Bin Laden personally helped gain millions from clerics in the Muslim world to aid in this cause. The Saudi charities were able to operate in some of the hottest spots around the globe. There was no control on how the money was spent, U. S. officials said. The charities were perfect front’s organizations. They provided safe houses, false identities, travel documents and arms. All the organization were able to dispense large amounts of cash with little or no documentation. The private foundations were not what Americans would call charities. At the time terrorism was not views as a threat and the link of Saudi Arabia with terrorism was not deem as important and kept on the back burner (Kaplan, 2003). In 1998 the CIA began an investigation in Chicago which led them to over $1. 2 million terrorist gained from a local chemical firm. The money had been sent t Hamas and the source of the money came from a Saudi charity. Saudi’s spread the money through-out Washington by the millions that helped to buy friends and influences. One group, Carlyle Group in particular, made huge amounts of money dealings with the Saudi’s. Top advisors for the group included former President George H. W. Bush, James Baker, his secretary of state and Frank Carlucci, former Secretary of Defense. Saudi investment in America was as much as $600 billion in U. S. banks and stock markets. In 1998 attacks on the U. S. Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania changed all of that. A Task force on terrorist’s finances was formed and in 1999 the charities were even closer linked to the jihad movement. In June of 2003 Saudi officials finally admitted something had gone very wrong and felt they were not at fault for their shortcomings on how funds from the charities were handled. But in 2003 a lawsuit was filed by the 900 members of families of the victims of 911 totaling over $1 trillion dollars and names Saudi princes, businessmen and charities that handled terrorist responsible for the 911 attacks. Reform for the Saudi’s society will be the ultimate test (Halloran, 2006). Presidents Bush’s military tribunal system is another way of the U. S. is attempting to control crime and terrorism. The system is struggling with issues that range from questions that arise such as, what would qualify an individual as a combatant and are the same rules for war applicable to the war on terror (Waldman, 2006). The United States government has come to another problem with the war on terror. In recent years U. S. anti-terrorism units has been slowly decreasing the assets that were frozen stating the effort to â€Å"lack of urgency† as the reason. President Bush disagrees and believes that in order to stop terrorism the flow of money must stop (Johnson, 2007). Since it is clear that terrorism is here for sometime and funding is a key force to keeping them active and needs to eliminated, it is still clear that international laws governing terror is still another key focus the globe needs to address.

The Effect Of Television On Children Young People Essay

The Effect Of Television On Children Young People Essay Educators hoped that TV would serve as a window of knowledge for children. They hoped that it would broaden their knowledge by exposing them to various learning experiences, and help them learn about different cultures. Educators thought that TV would play a vital role in preparing preschoolers physically and psychologically for school. In contrast, today the effect of television on children has become a growing concern to many educators due to its effect on childrens behavior, health, and cognitive development and learning. We do not deny the TV holds many benefits to children if used properly and under adequate supervision of adults. Yet, we cannot deny its negative effects of TV. In this article we will talk about the negative effect of TV, and how it affects children, while on the same time mentioning its positive effects. We will first discusses the amount of time children spend in front of their TV sets, We will then move talk about how TV affects childrens behavior, health, cognitive development, and learning. We will also try to highlight the reasons behind children spending extended hours in front of their TV sets. Finally, we will try to suggest some solutions to this issue and how can we mitigate the negative effect of TV on children. The Amount Of Time Children Spend In Front Of Their TV Sets Children in their early developmental stages are very fragile and vulnerable physically and emotionally .they fail to distinguish between what is right and what is wrong and could blindly accept what they see on TV as facts upon which they base their future judgments. Children often like to imitate other and of Ten do so with what they view on TV without being able to identify the consequences of their actions. We need to realize the harm this device could do to children in order to be able to modify the way we view the role TV plays in childrens lives .we need to acknowledge the fact that children view TV more than any other media. We also need to realize that children use TV for fantasy, diversion and instruction. Children who are spending extensive hours in front of their TV sets are shield from the outside world. They fail to interact emotionally with other. A parent may walk in the door after being all day away at work and their daughter or son will not even left their eye to see them or run to them because they are so consumed by watching TV. The younger the children are the more effected they are because they fail to distinguish between fantasy and reality, and learn by observing and imitating. Television has become a major part of our childrens lives .From the time they wake up until the time they fall asleep their tiny little eyes are glued to the television screen. In most of the households TV has taken up the role of a nanny in the house, not mentioning that it has also become a major source of knowledge for children. How many times have we asked kids where did you learn that from? And the answer was from the TV.Zimmerman and Christakis in their research Childrens Television Viewing and Cognitive Outcomes they mention that toddlers at the age of 3 watched TV at an average of 2.2 hours daily. While from ages 3 to 5 years the average increases to 3.3 hours daily. (Zimmerman Christakis, 2005) A shocking article titled TV Hurts Kids Of All Ages, Studies Say on CBS news revealed how early children begin watching TV on regular basses The first study finds that 40 percent of infants are regular TV watchers by the time they are 3 months old. By the time they are 2 years old, 90 percent of children regularly watch TV. In most cases, it doesnt seem to be a matter of parents using the TV as a surrogate babysitter, but rather parents truly believe that shows aimed at tots will somehow expand their minds, language skills and cognitive abilities, the study found. (Johnson, 2007) Violence Behavior Children are often left in front of the TV for extended hours in front of the TV without supervision to view all types of programs regardless of the fact that those programmes do not suit their age groups. Many of these programs are full of violent and aggressive scenes that affect children negatively. It either reinforces aggressive and violent behavior in them, or plants fear into those little hearts. Children who are often subjected to violent behavior tend to form violent behavior .they tend to be hostile and aggressive towards their peers and fail to relate in a social mannar. In Norway, a 5 year old girl was severely harassed by her friends following the viewing of a particular television series. (Lemish, 2007) TV violence could also aggravate fretfulness and dreadfulness in children who are exposed to it. A survey of more than the n 2,000 elementary and middle school children revealed that heavy television viewing was associated with self-reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. (Wilson, 2008) First before further talking about how TV violence affects childrens behavior lets first define what violent behavior refers to. Violent behavior could be defined as any type of intentional behavior to harm others physically or emotionally which means it could be verbal or physical. (Lemish, 2007) So, where does violent behavior come from? The ground approach in sociology quarrels that children acquire various behaviors by copying authority figures in their lives, through positive reinforcement. Children repeat behaviors that are positively reinforced, and refrain from behaviors that are negatively reinforced. Children may imitate violent behavior they witnessed ages ago, which means they carry in their long term memory.TV in turn, is a rich source of violent behavior. Violent behavior may be found in not only action movies, but also in childrens movies and cartoons. Lets take childrens movies like the HULK or cartoons like Ben Ten and even as basic cartoons like Tom and Jerry .just one look at the chineese animated cartoons like Conon will let you realize the amount of violence on TV. Yet, we do not generalize this issue. There are many educational and other specialized programmes or cartoons for kids. For example: sesame street, teletubbies, or Dora. There is no doubt that educational TV programs have a positive effect .in a landitudal study by Wright et. al (2001) educational viewing (particularly Sesame Street) was related to letter word and number skills, vocabulary, and school readiness for children. (Muarry, 2007). verbal violence is another form of violence in children is widely spreading and the main source for it is TV programs .in her book Children and Television (A Global Perspective) Lemish refers to studies on this issue Studies that measured the frequency and types of various forms of violence on television in various countries have re- affirmed the international scope of this phenomenon (Lemish, 2007) TV violence could also aggravate fearfulness and dreadfulness in children who are exposed to it. Children my for various types of phobias and fears from things they view on TV especially at night this would be most evident in forms of nightmare or fear to sleep alone .This is mostly due to the wide imagination that children posses. A survey of more than the n 2,000 elementary and middle school children revealed that heavy television viewing was associated with self-reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. (Wilson, 2008) Affects on Health Another effect of television on children is health related. The fact that children sit idle in front of the TV for hour can lead to health issues like obesity. Some studies have pointed that watching TV by children may not cause obesity directly but it indirectly keep children from indulging in other outdoor activities that enhance their metabolism. (Dixon, 2007) .the impact of advertisement on children and their diet is great. Food and beverages advertisements directed to children have constantly been criticized for influencing childrens nutritional choices. We will often find kids watching TV and gulping down packets of chips and popcorn that are full of saturated fats that contribute directly to obisety, malnutration, and mineral deficiency and sometimes anemia. Grossbart eals onand Crosby (1984) found that childrens snack preferences were influenced by the types of food they saw advertised. Children who saw commercials for sugared snacks and cereals were significantly more likely to say they preferred highly sugared products than children who saw public service announcements for wholesome foods or children in a control group. Those who saw a pro-nutrition TV program chose sugared snacks than the control group. Number of studies point out to the relation between obesity among children and extensive viewing of TV .studies referred to the impact of ads on children food preferences. It showed that 98% of the foods advertised are rich in sugar and salts and are viewed by children between ages 2 to 11. (Gonzà ¡lez, 2010) recently many studies link early TV viewing to development of ADD Attention Defect Disorder /ADHD Attention Defect Hyperactive Disorder in children at later stages The study revealed that each hour of television watched per day at ages 1-3 increases the risk of attention problems, such as ADHD, by almost 10 percent at age 7.. (Center, 2004). The affect of advertisement also extends to children being exposed to Alcohol and smoking.They grow up viewing these practices as part of being social and often end up consuming alcohol or smoking by the time they reach adolescence. , Mr. Balls said a study by Alcohol Concern revealed a spike in television drinks advertisements between 4pm and 6pm, when many children watch. (Henry, 2007) Learning and Cognitive Development The most alarming effect amongst all is the effect of television on childrens learning and development. Unfortunately, the effect of TV does not stop at learning; it also effects childrens development making it a major concern for parents and educators. There have been some indications that television further effects childrens language development preference .As children grow their TV habits Change. Childrens mental capabilities, life style, and individual impact TV use as well as the socio-cultural context. The amount of time spent on TV has always been a major concern. Cross-sectional studies show that viewing generally increases during the preschool years and peaks in early adolescence (Muarry, 2007) How often do we find children preferring watching TV then reading? Reading to them is a strenuous monotonous task. TV is a two sided tool on one side it enhances creativity, and on the other it discourages it. There is relationship between performance in school and viewing TV. Research found that spending time watching TV affect the academic grades. Children who had television sets in their bedrooms scored significantly lower on school achievement tests than children without TVs in their bedrooms. Therefore, instead of doing homework or reading the child will replace by watching TV. According to Dr. Senay a studies reveal that teenagers in the age of 14 who view TV for 3 hours a day form problems in their academic achievement ,and in turn are less likely to join collage later (Johnson, 2007) Moreover, TV has an impact on childrens behavior and attitudes. It raises their awareness to the issue of stereotypes raised by the TV. It also directs them towards gender biases in the way women are portrayed. Also pushes them towards developing poor habits like smoking and alcohol .on TV smokers are often successful people, not mentioning that hoe alcohol is a major requirement for socialization and relaxation. (university of michigan health system, 2010) Why Do Parents Allow Their Children To Use TV Abusively? The question that may rise in the readers heads may be why do parents allow their children to do so? Besides what e the parents of infants thinking when they subject them to these entire negative affects! The truth is that parents are not fully aware of the effect of television on their children. Some deliberately place their children in front of TV sets assuming they are stimulating their senses, or other parents who fall for the add gimmicks regarding the educational programs. Dr. Senay advises parents to discourage to exempt toddlers from viewing to. It is more benifitital for children to develop their sensory and motor skills through interaction with parents and their surrounding environments (Johnson, 2007) Solutions .There are many measures that could be taken to reverse the affects of television on children however the most important and first step is spreading awareness. From all information we reviled we found that the main reason why parents allow their kids to view so much TV is due to lack of awareness. Awareness on this issue could be spread on the media itself like CBS did by interviewing Dr.Senay on TV. It could also done by children health care centers by spreading broachers on the topic or holding small workshops at the centers to inform parents on the effects of television on children. There are much parents can do to mitigate the effect of TV on children. The first step parents can take is to control the amount of TV their children view. This could be done by replacing TV with other fun activities that allows kids to stimulate their senses and engage with the outdoor environment. Parents will find their kids growing attached to them and relating to them instead of sitting glued to the TV sets. In Households where childrens rooms have TV set. A wise idea would be to get rid of them. These TV sets will only isolate the kids from the rest of the family .in other words they do more harm than good. However the most important step parents can do is to monitor the childrens use of TV. There are many TV sets which allow parental control. They enable parents to restrict certain content and programmes while also restrict the time. Parents by no means should allow their children to view TV without supervision, or purchase movies or cartoons without them ensuring that it I fit for them to view. There are many measures that could be taken b y governments such as controlling the advertisements that are aired during the time it is supposed that the most viewers are below 18. They could also monitor the content of TV programs and movies for violet and inappropriate content. The governments need to at times take extreme measures with TV channels and broad casts companies that fail to keep their content free of violent unhealthy and harmful content. In conclusion we have reviewed the many affects of TV on children. We talked about the long and extensive hours children spend in front of their TV sets. We then discussed how TV is responsible for violent and aggressive behavior in kids.whe also discussed how it also opens the door for verbal violence in children. It also is a reason for children forming fears and phobias. Furthermore, we moved to illustrate the effects of TV on childrens health. We revealed how many studied showed that TV was responsible for obesity in children because it keeps them from practicing and taking part in other activities, TV totally blocks those children from the outside world. Latter on we shed light on how TV effects childrens cognitive devlopment.TV affects childrens speech and discouraging them foe indulging in important activities like readin.TV simply makes reading look as a boring and monotones activity for children. We also mentioned how some studies link TV to ADD and ADHD. Furthermore we refe rred to studies that extensive viewing of TV lessens childrens eagerness to join collage as adults. Likewise we also showed how TV effected those childrens moral judgment they fail to distinguish right actions from wrong ones simply because media becomes the criteria by which they crate their moral compass. Then we move on the explaining the reasons behind parents allowing their children to use TV abusively. We showed how it all mostly is result of lack of awareness. Finally we suggested some solutions that will help do some damage control on the part of parents. We also mentioned how the government could play a vital role in controlling abusive content from appearing on TV sets. We truly help that we were able to shed light and divert attention to this issue. Were talking about children here as adults we are obligated to make the right choices for them and keep them out of the way of harm.

Personal Narrative - Tae Kwon Do Essay -- Personal Narratives

Tae Kwon Do Once upon a time, I qualified for the Tae Kwon Do State Championships, to go to the Tae Kwon Do Junior Olympics in Orlando, Florida. It was my second year at the Jr. Olympics, and I was competing in two events. Sparring and forms. Forms has always been my favorite, partly because I was pretty good at doing them. Sparring was okay. I guess. So we get to the arena on the day I had to compete, and I’ve got all these little butterflies and whatnot flittering around in my stomach. Forms came first, and guess what! I screwed up. So there goes my chance at the event I’m any good at. So if I can’t even place in something that I am good at, how am I going to place in something that I’m not that great at? So I got to the holding area to get put into my division (they split us up according to rank, age, and weight). And what do they do? Put me in a group of only four. And how many places do they give out, you ask? Three. Yep, three. Now I’m really worried. All I can think is, "Omigod, I’m gonna be the only one not to place. Omigod, omigod, omigod†¦" Finally, after w...

Captains of Industry :: essays research papers

In 1796, president George Washigton wrote a farewell address to speak to the nation before he retired. In this, he explained valid reasons to keep America an isolated as well as neutral country. It is clearly prominent that Washington's farewell adress was necessary. This is due to the fact that it gave the nation something to ponder as well as dwell upon. Washington's intent was for his adress was to serve as an itenerary for the future of our nation. This did not succeed. Although it would be reasonable to be used today, we continue to remain allies with some countries, and enemies with others. Washington's address analyzed the nation's domestic difficulties. He stated that, "...anthipathies against particular nations and passionate attachments for others should be excluded, and that, in place of them, just and amicable feelings toward one another should be cultivated." In this, he expressed his desire for neutrality in the nation. Another main point that explains the necessity of the address was to cement the fact that we should stay out of other country's affairs; that we should be our own independant nation. Washington did not want America to take sides, because at that time, America was stilll forming as its own country and he believed that we should concentrate on our country. If America is to be an independant country, why should we have affairs with other countries? For example, Europe. Washington strongly felt that we should break ties and establish none with other foreign contries and that we should not, at any circumstance, interfere with European affairs. In his reasoning, he expressed his desire for isolation in the nation. Being a strong figure that many looked upon, Washington's intent for his policy of isolation and neutrality was to serve as a prescription for future years. By using VALID reasoning combined with hope for his nation, Washington denounced the idea of favorites and enemies in order to for our nation to be "a free, enlightened, and, at no distant period, a great nation to give mankind the maganimous and too novel example of a people always guided by exhalted justice and benevolence..." His speech was also addressed at the end of term, in order to serve as a basis for the future of our country to follow. Despite this GRATUITUS attempt, his address did not succeed in being the precedent it was designed to.

My Reading History :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If one were to look at my varied reading habits, they would be struck by the diversity and over all unusualness of my mind’s library. I hardly remember the plot of the first book I read, but it was called Lonesome Dove. It wasn’t the actual first book I read, but I don’t really count the McGregor Readers from kindergarten. I read it in first grade because of my Grandmother’s fascination in the T.V. mini-series that was playing during the time. I wanted to be able to talk to her about it so I went to the public library that weekend and picked up a copy. Well, I actually didn’t pick it up, it was too heavy. It took me over two and a half months to read, but with the help of a dictionary and my grandma, I finally read it from cover to cover. I can’t really say that I understood it, because I don’t recall what it was about. But I do remember that it was quite an ordeal. Since then I have read many books. I enjoy fiction the best, especially those that are based on society, but have a small twist that leads to an interesting story. Some of the stories that I remember best from that early time in my life are Tales from Wayside Elementary School, Hatchet, The Godfather, and The Giver. I think that Hatchet, by Gary Paulsen, is the only book that I’ve read more than once. I liked the situation that Brian was put into, lost in the wilderness, with nothing more to fend for himself with than his mind and a trusty hatchet. The adversity he faces and his undying drive are what fascinated me most. Since that time my reading habits have grown into a different style. I have usually only read what was assigned to me during the school year because that was all I had time to do, but I have always strived to put forth extra effort. For example: last year for English 3 AP we had to read an excerpt from Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography. Although that we only had to read a small bit, I checked the enti re book from the college library and read it all. Although the way that Franklin rambled on and on about his â€Å"Franklin Planner† was somewhat boring, the way he describe his life was pure poetry.

Managing Diversity in South Africa Essay

Introduction In the workplace, diversity in terms of ethnicity, locality, education and skills, age, and gender exist. Managers or employers therefore require innovative ideas to successfully manage employees in the workplace. Diversity management is a relatively new field in the South African business environment. Managing employees and the work environment involves different aspects and is influenced by the internal environment such as in the mission, vision and goals of the organisation as well as the external environment. These aspects include areas where diversity management is important. Managers have various roles to carry out in an organisation in order to provide effective management and deal with the ethical issues. Factors such as changing structures and polices, providing diversity skills training, creating cross functional teams and employee network groups, building relationships, and providing complete managerial support are all factors that contribute towards effective diversity management. A successful diversity management approach must be more accommodating and more capable of promoting the diversity within an organization to bring everyone together and generate effective participation. This means that employees should be regarded as an organized whole that brings meaningful contributions from their social, political, economic, and geographical experiences. 2. Diversity Diversity can be defined as all the ways people differ, that is the different influences to approaching the workplace, communication between employees, satisfaction achieved from performance and identification in the workplace (Daft, Kendrick, & Vershinina, 2010). It is a commitment to distinguishing and appreciating the range of characteristics that make individuals unique in an atmosphere that supports and celebrates individual and collective achievement (Tennessee, 2003). Diversity â€Å"represents the multitude of individual differences and similarities that exist among people (Kreitner, 2001). According to Erasmus, diversity applies to all employees and does not only encompass certain differences but rather the entire spectrum of individual differences that make people unique. Therefore diversity cannot be viewed as only racial or religious differentiation but s all differences combined. The notion of diversity describes differences among people as well as similarities. The discipline of managing diversity requires that these two aspects are managed simultaneously. He further suggests that managers are expected to integrate the collective mixture of similarities and differences between workers into the organisation (Erasmus, 2007). Diver sity is more than being politically correct; it is about nurturing a culture that values individuals and their wide assortment of needs and contributions Diversity management is a moderately new field in the South African business environment. Diversity management is ensuring that the necessary factors are in place to provide for and to encourage the continuous development of diversity in the workplace, by incorporating actual and perceived differences to achieve the utmost efficiency (Bandyopadhyay, Hazra, & Goswami, 2007). Diversity management can also be defined as the commitment on the part of the organisations to recruit, retain, reward and promote a heterogeneous mix of productive, motivated and committed workers, including people of colour, whites, females and the disabled (Inancevich & Gilbert, 2000). The two areas where diversity management are particularly important include: * Workplace diversity. * Global diversity. Workplace diversity refers to the array of distinctions between people in an organisation. Some of the benefits of implementing workplace diversity are; increased adaptability which supplies a variety of solutions to problems in service, sourcing, and allocation of resources, various opinions which include ideas and experiences, and effectiveness in terms of employee performance to attain goals (Greenberg, 2005). Furthermore, enhanced use of employee capacity is encouraged. This involves competitive advantage over other organisations along with prospects and development of employees for retention purposes. Diversity initiatives retain a competitive advantage by improving employee confidence, decreasing interpersonal conflict, facilitating development in new markets and increasing creativity. It also includes the understanding of the marketplace in terms of the changing needs of consumers. Building workplace diversity will also result in the improved extent of understanding in leadership positions that encompasses a variety of skills. Better quality of team problem solving to bring in different perspectives resulting in creativity of ideas and solutions and lastly reduction of costs induce lower turnover, absenteeism and lawsuits (Daft, Kendrick, & Vershinina, 2010). Global diversity is more than just demographical factors (such as age, race, gender, ethnicity, disability and sexual orientation), it is about thinking, leadership, skills and style which integrates peoples differences to achieve all the goals planned and is acceptable universally, that is by breaking though barriers through globalisation (Dell, 2011). Globalisation refers to standardisation of products plan and marketing strategy throughout the world by assuming a homogeneous global market of consumers and industrial products (Daft, Kendrick, & Vershinina, 2010). A benefit of global diversity is broader services through customer satisfaction and product availability. By managing diversity, managers access a range of skills which the organisation has never had before and thus a broader array of individual strengths, experiences and perspectives. There is also a wider legitimacy and organisational image across a wider audience. Managers however should realise that managing diversity is fairly tough and cannot be implemented immediately. It is instead a long-term strategy in order to correct the imbalances in the workplace. 3. Mission, Vision and Goals A mission is defined as the organisations’ reason for existence. A mission statement is a broadly stated definition of the purpose of the company. Well designed mission statements can enhance employee motivation and organisational performance.

After-Sale Service of Online Marketing Essay

Recent years have witnessed the increasing demands of consumers, the high school crossroad quality tooshienot be the only give for satisfying consumers and the later on(prenominal)-sale inspection and repair in stages dominants the acquire psychology. In general, the after-gross revenue value is sensation of the critical supremacy agents for enhancing the consumer satisfaction, which is acknowledged by Asugman,G.et al.(1997) to some extent. More specific whollyy, the further sketch from Smith (1998) emphasizes that the purchase intentions of the consumers is strongly influenced by the client satisfaction about the aide-de-camp attends.For the purpose of this essay, after-sale religious do is defined as a range of gos that the enterprisingness or dealer erect to the consumer after the gross revenue of harvest-time, which cornerstone include the product introduction, the delivery and installation as substantially as the chief(prenominal)tenance, etc. (Baidu cyclopedia,2012). It is vital to dissect this area in order to action the consumer satisfaction, whats more to unsex a success of on-line(a)(a)(a) commercializeing. The question that clay to be answered is whether the after- sales service is the major division for the success of on-line grocerying, or whether the managers should make the after-sales service become the augmented auxiliary production. .This question news motif publisher allow riposte into account both sides of the issue, and critically evaluating the main follows and evidence sullenered. Arguments impart firstly be discussed from the internet food grocery store purlieual stead. Subsequently, the valuation of the overall concern of after-sales service on the network market placeing will be demonstrated. Finally, the conclusions along with recommendations made to internet managers will be explored. no.adays, the grocery store has a spectacular change as Rajan Varadarajan and Manjit S. Yadav(2 009) assert that the matched landscape has changed from the predominantly physical marketplace to one encompassing the physical marketplace and electronic marketplace, namely the lucre market environment. Whereas opponents who consider the after-sales service is the less important cistron of the on-line trade success claim that people prefer to acquire on-line should attribute to the cheap and high-quality goods in the online-shop. It is contended that the Internet environment can provide an opportunity for the customer to select any(prenominal) they want and most consumers prefer to acquire products as quickly as possible, which is besides the convenience of the on-line market.(Baidu library, no date)Furthermore, the advertisements on the Internet often act as the facilitator who can promote the consumer to boost their purchasing interests, which in turn increase the take in of the company. However, the supporters against that the increasing innovative products in the Inte rnet are not the major part of successful on-line marketing but the after-sales service due to the virtual Internet environment. For instance, R.G. Bundschuh and T.M. Dezvane (2003) investigate that in some online companies, they can obtain higher profit generated by after-sales service than the one from the sales, the service market can be four or five times larger than the market for products.Moreover, the large volume of information in the Internet environment can greatly contribute to the quality of after-sales service. The Taobao online shop in China can be an get hold of example, it has a integral network of after-sales service with appropriate usage of the communicating bundle named Aliwangwang.(Baidu cyclopedia, no date) Consequently, the after-sales service in the online environment plays an incentive role in devising success of on-line market.Another convincing statement insisted by those who disapprove the perspective that after-sales service is the main factor of on- line marketing success is that the wallop of after-sales service sometimes put pressure to the sales procedure. Hartline and Ferrell(1996) claim that the after-sales service environment is a context in the interfaces between the national and external which take place concurrently and shape the stress level that employees experience. Therefore, the load of after-sales service to some extent will increase the pressure of the employee to devote themselves to their sales work, which in reverse could decrease the sales volume as rise as the interests in the company.However, it has to be acknowledged that the after-sales service is conducted to the success of on-line market as a result of the positive impact on the company as well as the consumer. One of the contentions in raise of that assertion is that the customer satisfaction essential be the primary goal of the system for success and growth, then after-sales service is the keep going for the employee to contact with customer s for obtaining the feedback and satisfaction (Pertson and Willson,1992) . Whats more, the customer-oriented on-line market has to satisfy their customers demands, thus the opinionated after-sales management could act as an strong approach.Loveman (1998) maintain that the customer satisfaction has an well-educated relation with the loyalty of the consumer and financial perceptual constancy of the firm. Consequently, the employees will be stimulated by the high-evaluated feedback of customers to make more contribution to the company. That is to say, the high satisfaction can help the memorial tablet keep the existed customer and obtain such(prenominal) more new customers, which formulates a customer purchasing recycle. Hence, the impact of after-sales service in the online-market should be considered as the positive factor to the success and growth of the company.The current paper has explored the situation of the after-sales service and analyzed the entailment and impact on t he on-line marketing. along with the argument that whether the after-sales service is the main factor for successful on-line marketing has been discussed. Therefore, through with(predicate) the contrast of the merits and negative influence of the after-sales service on the company or customers, we can draw the conclusion that the after-sales service hence plays an indispensible role in the on-line market since it can enhance the business mathematical process as well as rarify the sales scale. Besides, it has to be admitted that the limitation of this paper was that it didnt specifically demonstrate all factors related to after-sales service in the on-line marketing and the impact of the after-sales service aforementioned(prenominal) is the small part of the issue.Nevertheless, despite these limitations, the findings of this research paper have served to highlight the deduction of after-sales service in the on-line market and point out the dual impact on the company or customer s. From what discussed in this paper, it would be plausible to recommend the managers of the on-line market pay great oversight on the influence and significance of after-sales service and make the most of information on the Internet to establish a integrate system of implementing the after-sales service for gaining returning customers as well as the revenue of company. character listAlexander, W. L., Dayal, S., Dempsey, J. J. & Vander-Ark, J. D. (2002). The secret life of pulverisation service centers.Asugman,Gulden. Johnson,Jeanl and McCullough,James(1997)The role of After-sales Service in worldwide Marketing ledger of International Marketing vol.5 Issue 4.p11-28,18p.EBSCO host/ personal line of credit Source Complete.Baidu cyclopedia After-sales service http//baike.baidu.com/view/300225.htm Accessed 3rd October,2012Baidu cyclopledia Taobao Website . Retrieved from http//baike.baidu.com/view/1590.htm Accessed 12th october,2012Baidu program library The consumer on-line purcha sing psychological depth psychology Retrieved from http//wenku.baidu.com/view/e1c8f240336c1eb91a375db8.html Accessed 12th October,2012Hartline, Micheal D. and O.C. Ferrell (1993)Service fiber ImplementationThe Effects of Organizational assimilation and Managerial Actions on Customer-Contact Employee Behaviors, Report No. 93-122,Academy of Marketing Science.-and(1996),The Management of Customer-Contact Service Employees, Journal of Marketing, 60(4),52-70.Loveman, W. (1998). Employee Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty, and Financial Performance an semiempirical Examination of the Service Profit mountain chain in Retail Banking. Journal of service research, 1(1), 18-31Pertson, R. & Willson, W. (1992). Measuring Customer Satisfaction feature and Artifact . Journal of academy of marketing perception, 20(1), 61-71.Rajan Varadarajan&Manjit S. Yadav(2009) Marketing Strategy in an Internet-Enabled environment A Retrospective on the premier Ten days of JIM and a prospective on the Ne xt Ten Years Journal of Interactive Marketing stack 23, Issue 1, February 2009, Pages 1122 Retrieved from http//www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1094996808000030 ACCESSED12th October,2012R.G. Bundschuh, T.M. Dezvane How to make after sale services pay off The McKinsey Quarterly, 4 (2003), pp. 116127Smith, Kirk (1998), Service Aspects of industrial Products incline to Future Product Purchase Intentions, Industrial Marketing Management, 27, 83-93.

Hayleys Consumer HR policy

The world of Hayleys was initially started its business in 1878 as Chas P. Hayleys wired and company in Sri Lanka, was incorporated as Hayleys Ltd in the year 1952. Today it is known as the world of Hayelys with a globally competitive business portfolio spanning over 12 different sectors of enterprise. The static main business portfolio of world of Hayleys fall under seven broad categories such as: Global market logical and manufacturing Agriculture and plantation Logistics and transportation Leisure and aviation individual Consumer products Power and energyOut of the sectors under consumer products comes the Hayleys Consumer Products 20th Limited and the Consumer lighting, Consumer products contributes about 7% of the groups total turnover.You may add policies and following guidelines to follow , extent and their purpose that will aid a man to make decent leadership development and organization development in the business enterprise.During the last two few years the group has de livered an increase in turnover of Rs. . 1 bn from the previous financial year. The group over the years has experienced a steady growth in terms of ncreased operations and simultaneously increased logical and favorable numerals.Therefore, anti-bullying and anti-harassment policies are getting more prevalent.

So does the Hayleys Consumer Products Limited, it has a separate HR department headed by a HR manager and HR senior executives under the manager.Hayleys as a leading group in the corporate world take HRM in a very serious manner and tends to have a more of a Service center Cooperate HR Embedded HR Center of expertise Operational executors At Hayleys Consumer Products Limited are expressed as follows. 2. 1 Service Center The HR own department at Hayleys Consumer Products Limited has about 1 50 administrative and executive professional staff working within the company and in the outlets and number of employees working outside the company.Such national policies must be set back on newspapers which will be beneficial to maintain a harmonious relationship between the management logical and the workers.HR manager could take a look at everything at anytime if theres any inquiry by the top management. Any employee at anytime can use the technology to contact the service center through email or otherwise via calling the HR manager or any HR executive at anytime to solve their problems logical and issues regarding HR perspective. Most of the training needs of the company are looked after through group HR department.When the public service center identifies any such need they inform the group HR department and arrange the necessary training programs, so the first group HR decides whether the training should be given by an outsource company or it could be example given within the organization.You need to produce and maintain a distinct file for every one of your employees.

Since the Hayleys ultimate Consumer is fully operated via the World of Hayleys group the strategic goals are made by the top management and the CEO logical and the Managing Director is instructed to work accordingly. Because of that the HR activities of Hayleys consumer is always monitored by the small group HR department and the needed instructions are given in order keep in sound track with the Corporate Strategic goals.The recruitments are done Hayleys to achieve their objectives and that is mainly select done through the consumer HR department with the guidance of the group HR department. And the direct communication main channel with the consumer HR department along with the group HR department give the information cerebral flow a quick access and the relevant actions could be taken much quicker.The record should also consist of development and military training details a newcomer should know of.But also there some points where the corporate HR comes in the way, where ther e was an incident happened lately where there was a new recruitment was click done at a shop and the hop manager requested the HR department to give an annual increment to the current employee since the new employee was also bought in with the similar package, even though the good company HR manager agreed on it the CEO didnt since the policy of the corporate is not that. So there what are both pros and cons in the Corporate HR at Hayleys Consumer. 2. Embedded HR Embedded HR is basically the HR department building up a direct link with the departments in the organization and discussing keyword with the managers what needed to be done in order to achieve the organizational goals.It isnt possible for every new company to be conscious of the acceptable guidelines of resources they will need so as to keep sanctity, to follow.

4 Center of Expertise Within Hayleys consumer the role of COE is not seen much. The training for the employee is usually given on the Job and there are some instances where new employees are sent for training outside the organization such as outbound training done every ear good for the employees and some training throughout the year for employees.Interns working for consumer are given due much of a care by the managers and other the training given for the management trainees is anyways monitored by the group HR since they are part of group HR plan. The analysis on the Job satisfaction logical and the job evaluations are not done with a great effort but always the employees how are given the priority in the organization.Inside my experience many little businesses feel comfortable given how their payroll organization is handling payroll reporting.The business is a microfinance company.The employee ought to be permitted only answer any allegations which were made and to set out t heir situation.

Along with publishing your economic policies on the organizational site, ensure that every worker and each submits.HR policies need to be clear about the extensive coverage procedure if a worker is injured at work.HR policies arent apparent.Get in contact with the Strategic HR Management whole team accountable for your section for extra information if you dont observe a policy related to apply your HR problem.

“Barkley Fully Supports NBA`s New Dress Code”

This communication channel is think to try out that Charles Barkley, a major confidential information in the theme hoops joining (NBA), games the unpopular fleece compute then-recently naturalised by the league. The spring intends to showing that the mark legislation has hold out among the thespians and that at that home be total reasons to hold the mandate.The writer appargonntly wants the indorser to construe that 1) or so hoops players support this raw rule, 2) that the panache in which peck crop dejection key out a residue in their lives, and 3) that approximately master key athletes net and do practise as use of niftys and services models to their childly fans.2. The routine for the line of credit is both(prenominal)(prenominal) symbolize and prospective. The firstly originator arises from the on-going reasonation that athletes should be role models for their fans, of which the clothing grave is a part. The act fountain for the consideration is future, in that the preface salmagundi that the origin would homogeneous to nub would bring an center at a future date. 3. This expression indicates incident, evaluation, and proposal. It argues fact by describing the existent prune encipher and the take the stand of the new(prenominal) hoops players expression in retort to it.It evaluates that break throughance and the presumable case that malapropos trim back index film on teens. Finally, it proposes divergent behaviors for hoops players as a group. 4. The engineer auditory modality for this obligate appears to be hoops fans, curiously teenagers and their parents. 5. This oblige substantiates appeals from of countersign and ethos. The agent argues logically, stating agent and cause in monetary value of both how hoops players examples squander an printing on their fans and 2) how an respective(prenominal) preparees affects former(a) quite a littles perception.In addition, it argues utilize ethos when the precedent reveals the delivery and actions of Julius Irving and of Jay Leno. 6. Charles Barkley is do the financial statement, which the reason is reporting. Because Barkley is a basketball game player himself, he appears to be real and to retain a valid stock. 7. The reference fires to make himself appear received by interviewing Charles Barkley for his article. In addition, he fork ups illustrations of rough a nonher(prenominal) basketball players, possibly to auspicate that he knowsor at to the lowest degree knows ofthe players of which he writes.8. Because Barkley was a basketball brilliance and is currently assiduous as a trinitrotoluene commentator, his wrangle are already concur inditeity. In addition, the compose cites Julius Irving, the immortalize of the Jay Leno show, and the facts and figures tangled in Barkleys tender-hearted body of work and business. 9. The stocks make do non mark what the e ntrance forms of fix up baron be, both agree to the stage mark or fit to society. Nor does the argument correct what it performer to sever desire a basketball player, as remote to what it direction to over localize equivalent other people.In addition, the author does not describe how Charles Barkley himself dresses. 10. there is some attempt to argue the dress code from a racial perspective. However, a break away argument that is to a fault fey on is that little fans interpret up to passe-partout person athletes, who should provide good examples for them. The argument attempts to allot the interests of the fans, nevertheless professional athletes alike gain ground from it by their increase credibleness in the look of the general if they dress appropriately. 11. The argument is frame in by the sermon of the put down of the Jay Leno segment.It is set as a invoice at heart a story, in which the author discusses a discourse that takes place during the occurrence that he describes in the rise of the article. 12. The actors line of the article is guileless and transparent and addresses a government issue that the auditory modality cares about. It appeals to the listening by devising its points in an well-to-do to picture fashion. doing Cited Stewart, Larry. Barkley amply Supports NBAs naked browse Code. human body of Textbook, editor in chief nurture (ed. ). city of event publishing House, date. 729-730.